Fine Wrinkle Improvement through Bioactive Materials That Modulate EDAR and BNC2 Gene Expression

Abstract

Skin aging is a multifaceted biological phenomenon influenced by a combination of intrinsic or extrinsic factors. There is an increasing interest in anti-aging materials including components that improve skin wrinkles. Despite the availability of several such wrinkle-improving materials, the demand for ingredients with outstanding efficacy is increasing. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mechanisms of wrinkle-related genes reported in previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs), identify materials that regulate these genes, and develop an effective anti-wrinkle formula containing the active ingredients that regulate the expression of these genes. We selected two candidate genes, EDAR and BNC2, that are reportedly related to periorbital wrinkles. We investigated their functions in the skin through in vitro experiments using human skin cell lines (keratinocytes and fibroblasts). Moreover, we identified ingredients that regulate the expression of these two genes and confirmed their efficacy through in vitro experiments using the skin cell lines. Finally, we developed a formula containing these ingredients and confirmed that it enhanced dermal collagen in the 3D skin and improved fine wrinkles under the eyes more effectively than retinol in humans, when applied for 8 weeks. Our results are significant and relevant, as we have discovered a special formula for wrinkle improvement with reliable efficacy that surpasses the efficacy of retinol and does not cause side-effects such as skin irritation.

Improvement in Facial Wrinkles Using Materials Enhancing PPARGC1B Expression Related to Mitochondrial Function

“…The term ‘material’ comprehensively refers to various raw materials or ingredients such as oils, surfactants, antioxidants, and bioactive substances used in the cosmetics industry [ 24 ]. In previous research related to the cosmetics industry, cosmetics formulations that improve the condition of the skin have been developed through research on discovering and applying bioactive materials that have a beneficial effect on various cells of the skin and applying them to the skin [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. We evaluated the efficacy of various bioactive materials including niacinamide (NAM), camphor (CAM), sodium mannose phosphate (SMP), tranexamic acid (TNA), and pyridoxine hydrochloride (P-HCl) both in vitro and ex vivo.…”