Finfish marine aquaculture in northern Vietnam: Factors related to pathogen introduction and spread

Prevalence of Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV), Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) and Ectoparasites in Juvenile Epinephelus spp. Farmed in Aceh, Indonesia

“…In agreement with a survey on marine aquaculture in Vietnam [ 35 ], we observed that all farms had multiple species in culture and farmers reported similar management practices for acquiring fish, feeding, grading and separating size classes, and harvesting grouper (data not shown). In our study, only fingerlings of the same species and age were selected from a net-pen for testing.…”

“…All of the farms in this study fed a low value ‘trash’ fish diet and it is considered a common management practice for this stage of grouper production in Indonesia [ 1 ]. This practice hinders the expansion of aquaculture and supports the spread of pathogens [ 35 , 38 ]. The feeding of trash fish has been shown to produce similar growth rates in tiger grouper ( E. fuscoguttatus ) compared to those fed commercial pellets, and there was no economic benefit to using pellets [ 38 ].…”

Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) cage culture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: fish health management practice

“…The education level of the farmers was two-thirds of secondary education, and the others primary education. Compared to the farmers in the North of Vietnam, education level and age are similar while all farmers did not have specific aquaculture education (Boerlage et al, 2017). It is noted as a challenge for small-scale farmers to adapt to the new technology as well as fish health management practice which required training in aquaculture technology.…”

“…The survival rate of cobia rearing in the South was much higher than cobia aquaculture in North Vietnam. This can be explained by the higher temperature in the South compared to the North, Vietnam where cobia had the most abnormal clinical signs compared to other marine species (Boerlage et al, 2017).…”

Extreme temperature differently alters the effects of dietary vitamin C on the growth, immunity and pathogen resistance of Waigieu seaperch, Psammoperca waigiensis

“…Farming marine fish is a significant component of aquaculture production in Vietnam (Boerlage et al, 2017; FAO, 2018). In recent years, marine fish aquaculture is severely impacted by the occurrence of bacterial diseases such as Streptococcosis , ulcerative syndrome, columnaris (Boerlage et al, 2017; Do et al, 2008; Tran & Luc, 2011; Tran et al, 2013), especially in the spring–summer when the temperature is often higher than 30°C and casually goes up to 36°C (Doan et al, 2018; Grønning et al, 2019). Globally, the number of marine heatwave days has increased two times in the last three decades (Froehlich et al, 2018).…”