Finite area element snow loading prediction - applications and advancements

Gamble, Scott; Kochanski, Will W.; Irwin, Peter

doi:10.1016/0167-6105(92)90162-4

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The FAE method has been used to determine design snow loads on over 70 roofs in North America, South America, Asia and Europe, and was also used in previous research, (Irwin, Gamble, and Taylor, 1995), funded by the National Research Council of Canada to develop improved snow load provisions for large flat roofs, which were incorporated into the 1995 edition of the NBCC. Due to space limitations, a more detailed description of the FAE method has not been included, but has been discussed in previous papers, (Irwin and Williams 1983); (Irwin and Gamble 1987); (Irwin and Gamble 1988); (Gamble, Kochanski and Irwin 1992); (Irwin, Gamble, Retzlaff and Taylor 1992); and (Irwin, Gamble, Hunter and Kochanski 1993).…”

Section: Test Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1 shows one of the study models in RWDI's wind tunnel. The roof of each of these five models was instrumented with 64 surface velocity vector sensors, (Gamble, Kochanski and Irwin (1992). The characteristic wind flow patterns were measured over the surface of the roof by these sensors, for 24 wind directions in 15 o increments.…”

Section: Wind Tunnel Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parametric Studies of Unbalanced Snow Loads on Arched Roofs

Hochstenbach¹,

Irwin²,

Gamble³

2004

Structures 2004

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Building codes and standards often indicate that unbalanced loading of arched roofs need not be considered if the roof is flat enough. They typically provide a threshold value for arch height as the criterion. However, real snow doesn't behave differently slightly above the threshold than slightly below. Recent building collapses have brought this issue into discussion since buildings designed below the threshold still produced significant unbalanced loads. The purpose of this research project was to investigate the lower bound of arched roof geometry and to compare the results with provisions of the 1995 National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) and the American Society of Civil Engineers Standard (ASCE 7-2002). Parametric Finite Area Element (FAE) snow loading simulations (using methodology described by Irwin, Gamble and Taylor, 1995) were performed on a range of arched roof geometries using a range of meteorological data sets. The results indicated that, in certain situations, significant unbalanced loading could be expected for roofs that would otherwise be treated as flat, warranting special consideration in the appropriate codes and standards. The study also indicated that the azimuthal orientation of the roof relative to the prevailing winds plays a major role in some cases.

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Section: Test Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wind Tunnel Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Studies of Unbalanced Snow Loads on Arched Roofs

Hochstenbach¹,

Irwin²,

Gamble³

2004

Structures 2004

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“…This value is especially important when simulating snow transport and snow accumulation, its calculation underlies all numerical models of these processes. The study of snow transport processes was continued by Mellor [9], Izyumov and Davenport [28,29], Kobayashi [30], Iversen [6,7], Anderson and Huff [1], Gamble [31]. In particular, the latter were engaged in finding out the average path length of particles in the saltation layer: Bagnold gave a value of 9 m [2], then Anderson and Huff reduced it to a range of 4-8 m, and Gamble expanded it to 5-10 m.…”

Section: The Phenomenon Of Snow Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of Modern Numerical Modelling of Snow Accumulation on Roofs With Arbitrary Geometry

Belostotsky¹,

Britikov²,

Goryachevsky³

2021

IJCCSE

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The calculation of snow loads on roofs of buildings and structures with arbitrary geometry is a complex problem, solving which requires simulating snow accumulation with acceptable engineering accuracy. Experiments in wind tunnels, although widely used in recent years, do not allow to reproduce the real full-scale effects of all snow transport subprocesses, since it is impossible to satisfy all the similarity conditions. This situation, coupled with the continuous improvement of mathematical models, numerical methods, computer technologies and related software, makes the development and future implementation of numerical modelling in real construction practice and regulatory documents inevitable. This paper reviews currently existing mathematical models and numerical methods used to calculate the forms of snow deposits. And, although the lack of significant progress in the field of modelling snow accumulation still remains one of the major problems in CFD, use of existing models, supported by field observations and experimental data, allows to reproduce reasonably accurate snow distributions. The importance of the “symbiosis” between classical experimental methods and modern numerical models is specifically emphasized in the paper, as well as the fact that only the joint use of approaches can comprehensively describe modelling of snow accumulation and snow transport and provide better solutions to a wider range of problems.

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“…Irwin [2] tried to simulate wind drifting snow distribution on roofs with FEA. Gamble [3] tried to simulate snow load on roofs with FEA. Keqin Yan [4] tried to simulate wind-drifted snow load on gable roof with CFD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor Test of Wind-Drifted Snow Distribution around a Cube

Yan

Zhou

2010

KEM

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This paper presents the results of an outdoor investigation of wind-drifted snow distribution around a cube. The test was performed in a simple outdoor wind tunnel at Harbin in January 2009. Velocity distribution around the cube and pressure coefficient on the cube surfaces are also simulated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The simulation is based on homogenous two-phase flow theory, where the flow field is predicted by solving Navier-Stokes equations for transient, incompressible viscous flow. The inlet profiles of the simulation adopted data got from wind tunnel. Comparison between the test result and that of simulation shows that velocity is closely related to the snow distribution.

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Finite area element snow loading prediction - applications and advancements

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Parametric Studies of Unbalanced Snow Loads on Arched Roofs

Parametric Studies of Unbalanced Snow Loads on Arched Roofs

Critical Review of Modern Numerical Modelling of Snow Accumulation on Roofs With Arbitrary Geometry

Outdoor Test of Wind-Drifted Snow Distribution around a Cube

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