Finite Element Analysis for Investigating the Effects of Muscle Activation on Head-neck Injury Risks of Drivers Rear-ended by a Car after an Autonomous Emergency Braking

Iwamoto, Masami; Nakahira, Yuko; Kato, Daichi

doi:10.20485/jsaeijae.9.3_124

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Some previous studies investigated the influences of the muscle foreces on head neck injuries, but they generally adopted assumed or PID-based muscle activations [11,13,15]. To our knowledge, no study reported the effects of realistic human neural reflex on head-neck impact responses during impact environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taking the FE models as examples, the SAFER A-HBM developed in the previous studies modeled the human's reflexes mechanism for controlling cervical spine muscle activation [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The THUMS Version 5 included Proportion-Integral-Derivative (PID) based active muscle controllers for all body regions [13]. An angle-based and length-based active muscle controller was implemented in the ViVA OpenHBM [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Neuromuscular Head-Neck Model and Its Application on Impact Analysis

Zheng

2021

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

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Objective: Neck muscle activation plays an important role in maintaining posture and preventing trauma injuries of the head-neck system, levels of which are primarily controlled by the neural system. Thus, the present study aims to establish and validate a neuromuscular headneck model as well as to investigate the effects of realistic neural reflex control on head-neck behaviors during impact loading. Methods: The neuromuscular head-neck model was first established based on a musculoskeletal model by including neural reflex control of the vestibular system and proprioceptors. Then, a series of human posture control experiments was implemented and used to validate the model concerning both joint kinematics of the cervical spine and neck muscle activations. Finally, frontal impact experiments of varying loading severities were simulated with the newly established model and compared with an original model to investigate the influences of the implanted neural reflex controllers on head-neck kinematic responses. Results: The simulation results using the present neuromuscular model showed good correlations with in-vivo experimental data while the original model even cannot reach a correct balance status. Furthermore, the vestibular reflex is noted to dominate the muscle activation in less severe impact loadings while both vestibular and proprioceptive controllers have a lot of effect in higher impact loading severity cases. Conclusions: In summary, a novel neuromuscular head-model was established and its application demonstrated the significance of the neural reflex control in predicting in vivo head-neck responses and preventing related injury risk due to impact loading.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Neuromuscular Head-Neck Model and Its Application on Impact Analysis

Zheng

2021

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

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Investigation of dynamic deformation of the midbrain in rear-end collision using human brain FE model

Atsumi

Iwamoto

Nakahira

et al. 2020

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

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Biofidelity Assessment of the GHBMC M50-O Seated in a Honda Accord Seat in a Rear-Facing Configuration during a High-Speed Frontal Impact

Pradhan,

Ramachandra,

Stammen

et al. 2024

SAE Int. J. Trans. Safety

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<div>Vehicles equipped with automated driving systems (ADS) may have non-traditional seating configurations, such as rear-facing for front-row occupants. The objectives of this study are (1) to generate biomechanical corridors from kinematic data obtained from postmortem human subjects (PMHS) sled tests and (2) to assess the biofidelity of the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) 50th male (M50-O) v6.0 seated in an upright (25-deg recline) Honda Accord seat with a fixed D-ring (FDR) in a 56 km/h rear-facing frontal impact. A phase optimization technique was applied to mass-normalized PMHS data for generating corridors. After replicating the experimental boundary conditions in the computational finite element (FE) environment, the performance of the rigidized FE seat model obtained was validated using LSTC Hybrid III FE model simulations and comparison with experiments. The most recent National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Biofidelity Ranking System (BRS) method was used to assess the biofidelity of the GHBMC M50-O. The occupant response score for GHBMC was 2.00. The average normalized root mean squared deviation (NRMSD) for seat reaction loads in the GHBMC simulation was less than 10%. Peak T-spine accelerations (avg. BRS = 2.28) and anterior-to-posterior (AP) chest deflection (BRS = 2.61) were underestimated. No rib fractures were predicted in the GHBMC using the default failure strain criteria of 1.8%; however, fractures were predicted in the 3rd rib (both left and right sides) using an updated failure strain criteria of 0.52%. Ramping up the seat back, as indicated by pelvis Z-displacement, was underestimated using a coefficient of contact friction of 0.2 (BRS = 3.65) but improved using a coefficient of 0.1 (BRS = 1.44). Local strain hotspots were predicted at the pubic rami locations in the GHBMC, corresponding well with fracture sites in the PMHS.</div>

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Finite Element Analysis for Investigating the Effects of Muscle Activation on Head-neck Injury Risks of Drivers Rear-ended by a Car after an Autonomous Emergency Braking

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

A Novel Neuromuscular Head-Neck Model and Its Application on Impact Analysis

A Novel Neuromuscular Head-Neck Model and Its Application on Impact Analysis

Investigation of dynamic deformation of the midbrain in rear-end collision using human brain FE model

Biofidelity Assessment of the GHBMC M50-O Seated in a Honda Accord Seat in a Rear-Facing Configuration during a High-Speed Frontal Impact

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