Finite element analysis of 3-D eddy currents

The finite-element modeling of three-dimensional time-domain electromagnetic fields in strongly inhomogeneous media

“…Divergence-free edge elements yield approximations that are constants along the edges they refer to, because of this they also yield poor convergence properties [1,7]. In comparison with many methods that use potentials, our approach has the additional advantages that multiply connected domains do not cause any difficulties, that (in)homogeneous Dirichlet as well as (in)homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions can be implemented straightforwardly and that, finally, no gauge is required for ensuring the uniqueness of the method [5].…”

“…Comparing our approach with other valid methods for solving time-domain electromagnetic-field problems in three-dimensional inhomogeneous configurations, such as I the methods using potentials [5] and methods using edge elements that are divergence-free [6], we note that our approach has a higher order of accuracy since it employs a consistently iinear approximation of the electric field strength. Potentials require a numerical differentiation because of which they yield only piecewise constant approximations for the electric field strength (assuming linear expansions for the potentials).…”

Inducted currents analysis in multiply connected conductors using reluctance‐resistance networks

“…The distributions have been determined assuming the maximum value of the current in the coil. A comparison with the results published in [1,10] and [11] reveals very close agreement and thus high accuracy of the proposed RRN computational scheme. The small differences for a selected point are marked on the figures.…”

“…4b); for example, for a hexahedron each weight equals 1/8 [6]. When the branch currents i b are expressed by loop currents i m and the current i c -expression (11), then the currents i e can be calculated as follows …”

Finite element and boundary element analysis of electromagnetic NDE phenomena

“…Modeling of steady state eddy currents has been extensively treated and reported as part of a practical defect characterization scheme [9][10][11] while moving eddy current coils have also been successfully modeled [12][13][14]. A number of three dimensional models have also been reported in the literature using finite ele ments and boundary elements independently [15][16][17][18][19][20]. The major considerations for a good three dimensional model are the establishment of the correct formulation and derivation of the quantities of interest such as eddy current densities, flux densities and coil impedance from the solution.…”