“…A limitation in this element was that the stiffeners could be located only along the nodal lines. For stiffened plates within ship structures, a multi-rib isoparametric element [12,13] was developed to incorporate arbitrarily oriented stiffeners, which could be placed even through the middle of an element. This element had several advantages such as accommodating irregular boundaries and skewed shapes, along with the inclusion of transverse shear and bending deformations without shear locking phenomena [14].…”