Currently, there is great interest in understanding and improving the bond between the fibers and matrix in high performance composite materials. In many recently developed systems, fiber surface treatments have been developed to improve poor bonding. These treatments are often evaluated by measuring their effect on a composite property sensitive to the interfacial bond strength, typically the composite shear strength. This paper presents an evaluation of the influence of the matrix and interface properties on the transverse tensile strength. These effects were quantified by comparing transverse flexural experimental data with results from a finite element micromechanics model. The results indicate that the transverse tensile strength is significantly more dependent upon sizing than is the shear strength. Finally, the transverse flexure test appears to provide an additional and complementary test for evaluating interface bond characteristics.