“…Many researchers have proposed several methods to predict the contact pattern and the gear mesh compliance: experimental method, such as photo elastic measurement and ink marking [1,2], analytical methods [3][4][5][6], applying the elastic contact theory for LTCA, and finite element method [7][8][9][10]. From all the methods, FEM is the most effective calculation technique to predict the root bending stress, contact stress distribution, static transmission error, and mesh stiffness [11][12][13][14][15], neglecting the difficulties of preparing FEM beforehand. A two-dimensional (2D) spur gear FEM is built by Wang [16] to calculate the static transmission error, single and combined torsional mesh stiffness, tooth load-sharing ratio, maximum tooth root stress, and surface contact stress against various input torques over a complete mesh cycle.…”