Finite element simulation and experimental investigation of friction stir processing of Polyamide 6

Abstract

In this article, Deform© three-dimensional package was used to develop a numerical model for friction stir process of Polyamide 6 based on Lagrangian incremental formulation, and additional experiments were done to verify this objective. For this purpose, the friction stir process was used to disperse the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes among the polymer matrix of Polyamide 6 homogeneously. Thermo-mechanical properties, for example, effective plastic strain distribution and material flow together with temperature, were successfully predicted for friction stir processing of Polyamide 6. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the properties of fabricated nano-composite. According to the results, multi-walled carbon nano-tubes were homogeneously and straightly dispersed throughout Polyamide 6. The straight and non-curved dispersion of multi-walled carbon nano-tubes results in the growth of their reinforcement capability. Comparing the result of simulation and experimental friction stir process refers to good agreement between simulation predictions and actual observations. Temperature distribution study shows that the peak temperature appears at the interface of tool-shoulder/work-piece and the temperature distribution on the interacted surface is asymmetric. On the other hand, the analysis of effective plastic strain indicates that the material shearing of advancing side is higher than that of the retreating zone.

Effect of process parameters on fracture toughness of PP/EPDM/nanoclay nanocomposite fabricated by novel method of heat assisted Friction stir processing

“…, comparing the cryofractured surfaces of SV 4 and SV 5 shows that very small EPDM particles are obtained when using of higher rotational speed and shear stress to produce nanocomposite. This related to the fact that the higher rotating speed in FSP lead to the higher shear stress and decreases size of elastomer particles .…”

“…Subsequently a rotating tool is plunged into the sheet and traversed along the groove to disperse particles to the base material. The study of the literature review shows very few reports on fabricating polymeric composite and nanocomposites by FSP . For instance, enhancement of morphology and mechanical properties of polyethylene (PE)/copper composite and high density polyethylene (HDPE)/clay nanocomposite fabricated using FSP have been reported by Azarsa and Mostafapour and Barmouz et al, respectively .…”

Trade-off among mechanical properties and energy consumption in multi-pass friction stir processing of Al7075 alloy employing neural network–based genetic optimization

“…They found that the grain size of the alloy after FSP decreased significantly. Comparing the effect of variation in the parameters on various characteristics of the FSPed alloy, they observed that the increase in the number of passes (1)(2)(3) led to an increase in the mean grain size and ductility and contrarily caused a reduction in the strength and hardness. The increase in the feed rate (90-240 mm/min) led to an increase in the grain size, strength and hardness while a decrease in the ductility.…”

Fabrication of metal-matrix AL7075T651/TiN nano composite employing friction stir process

“…5 Because of these salient features, the process is gaining increasing popularity in the materials and manufacturing sectors. 6 FSP in the simplest form employs a non-consumable rotating tool with a specially designed pin and a shoulder as integral parts. The process starts with the plunging of pin into a monolithic workpiece.…”