Finite element simulation of heat flow in continuous casting

Numerical Study of Turbulent Flows and Heat Transfer in Coupled Industrial-Scale Tundish of a Continuous Casting Material in Steel Production

“…Due to process complexity, which involves heat transfer coupled with phase transformation and fluid flow, the prediction of process parameters and their optimization is usually performed by using empirical procedures. However, the development of efficient numerical techniques and the availability of fast and low-cost computers has bust recently the simulation of real operational conditions [8][9][10][11][12][13]. To date, it is possible to investigate virtually the manufacturing of several kinds of steels aiming low cost and high material efficiency.…”

“…To date, it is possible to investigate virtually the manufacturing of several kinds of steels aiming low cost and high material efficiency. Several works in the literature have been reported to analyse the metal behaviour within the oscillating mould of the caster machine due to its importance on the productivity and on the product final quality [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The oscillating mould is an important component of the caster machine and has strong influence on surface defects and on the temperature distribution inside the mould [2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…Although analytical methods are more elegant, they require a series of assumptions that usually lead to a considerable simplification of the physical phenomena producing unrealistic or limited solutions. Considering numerical methods, four techniques are commonly used: finite differences [7][8][9][10][11], finite elements [12][13][14][15], finite volumes [16] and boundary elements [17]. These methods are able to solve the energy, the mass, species and momentum equations.…”