“…Hematite and magnetite nanomaterials are a rapidly growing field of research because of their distinct physicochemical properties that arise from their reduced dimensions. , For example, these nanomaterials exhibit characteristic confinement effects, enhanced reactivity, and high surface area-to-volume ratios, leading to unique size-dependent magnetic behaviors, optical and electrical properties, and surface reactivity not observed in their bulk counterparts. , In particular, hematite and magnetite nanoparticles have been studied for a variety of scientific and technological applications, including magnetic data storage, sensing, and energy storage owing to their unique properties. In addition, they have been developed for catalysis, environmental remediation, and biomedical applications, such as water spitting, , CO 2 conversion to low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons, , removal of toxic heavy metal ions, , magnetically targeted drug-delivery platforms, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, , and tissue engineering scaffolds. , …”