Finite-volume transport on various cubed-sphere grids

Putman, William M.; Lin, Shian‐Jiann

doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2007.07.022

Cited by 508 publications

(489 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The finite volume dynamical core on a cubed sphere grid is based on Putman and Lin (2007). Grid-scale moist processes are described in Bacmeister et al (2006) and Molod et al (2012) and employ a modified version of relaxed Arakawa-Schubert convective parameterization (Moorthi and Suarez, 1992).…”

Section: Geos-5 Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of planetary boundary layer turbulence on model climate and tracer transport

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Planetary boundary layer (PBL) processes are important for weather, climate, and tracer transport and concentration. One measure of the strength of these processes is the PBL depth. However, no single PBL depth definition exists and several studies have found that the estimated depth can vary substantially based on the definition used. In the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5) atmospheric general circulation model, the PBL depth is particularly important because it is used to calculate the turbulent length scale that is used in the estimation of turbulent mixing. This study analyzes the impact of using three different PBL depth definitions in this calculation. Two definitions are based on the scalar eddy diffusion coefficient and the third is based on the bulk Richardson number. Over land, the bulk Richardson number definition estimates shallower nocturnal PBLs than the other estimates while over water this definition generally produces deeper PBLs. The near-surface wind velocity, temperature, and specific humidity responses to the change in turbulence are spatially and temporally heterogeneous, resulting in changes to tracer transport and concentrations. Near-surface wind speed increases in the bulk Richardson number experiment cause Saharan dust increases on the order of 1 × 10 −4 kg m −2 downwind over the Atlantic Ocean. Carbon monoxide (CO) surface concentrations are modified over Africa during boreal summer, producing differences on the order of 20 ppb, due to the model's treatment of emissions from biomass burning. While differences in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) are small in the time mean, instantaneous differences are on the order of 10 ppm and these are especially prevalent at high latitude during boreal winter. Understanding the sensitivity of trace gas and aerosol concentration estimates to PBL depth is important for studies seeking to calculate surface fluxes based on near-surface concentrations and for studies projecting future concentrations.

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Section: Geos-5 Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of planetary boundary layer turbulence on model climate and tracer transport

et al. 2015

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“…A finite-volume dynamical core and a 48×48×6 cube-sphere grid (projection of a cube onto the surface of a sphere, Putman and Lin, 2007) corresponding to a horizontal resolution of about 220×220 km 2 replace the finite difference dynamical core and the latitude-longitude horizontal grid used in the AM2 GCM. The number of vertical levels is increased from 24 to Atmos.…”

Section: Brief Description Of the Base Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics in the GFDL AM3 GCM: description, evaluation, and sensitivity tests

et al. 2010

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Abstract.A new stratiform cloud scheme including a twomoment bulk microphysics module, a cloud cover parameterization allowing ice supersaturation, and an ice nucleation parameterization has been implemented into the recently developed GFDL AM3 general circulation model (GCM) as part of an effort to treat aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions more realistically. Unlike the original scheme, the new scheme facilitates the study of cloud-ice-aerosol interactions via influences of dust and sulfate on ice nucleation. While liquid and cloud ice water path associated with stratiform clouds are similar for the new and the original scheme, column integrated droplet numbers and global frequency distributions (PDFs) of droplet effective radii differ significantly. This difference is in part due to a difference in the implementation of the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen (WBF) mechanism, which leads to a larger contribution from super-cooled droplets in the original scheme. Clouds are more likely to be either completely glaciated or liquid due to the WBF mechanism in the new scheme. Super-saturations over ice simulated with the new scheme are in qualitative agreement with observations, and PDFs of ice numbers and effective radii appear reasonable in the light of observations. Especially, the temperature dependence of ice numbers qualitatively agrees with in-situ observations. The global average long-wave cloud forcing decreases in comparison to the original scheme as expected when super-saturation over ice is allowed. Anthropogenic aerosols lead to a larger decrease in short-wave absorption (SWABS) in the new model setup, but outgoing Correspondence to: M. Salzmann (marc.salzmann@zmaw.de) long-wave radiation (OLR) decreases as well, so that the net effect of including anthropogenic aerosols on the net radiation at the top of the atmosphere (netradTOA = SWABS-OLR) is of similar magnitude for the new and the original scheme.

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“…In recent years, cubed-sphere grids have gained increasing popularity for simulating fluid flow in domains between concentric spheres, first in the area of climate and weather modelling [18,19,20,21,22,23,24], but more recently also in areas like astrophysics [25,26]. Very recently, Ivan et al [14,15] have proposed a second-order parallel solution-adaptive computational framework for solving hyperbolic conservation laws on 3D cubed-sphere grids and applied the formulation to the simulation of several magnetized and nonmagnetized space-physics problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-order central ENO finite-volume scheme for ideal MHD

Susanto

Ivan

Sterck

et al. 2013

Journal of Computational Physics

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A high-order central essentially non-oscillatory (CENO) finite-volume scheme is developed for the compressible ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations solved on threedimensional (3D) cubed-sphere grids. The proposed formulation is an extension to 3D geometries of a recent high-order MHD CENO scheme developed on two-dimensional (2D) grids. The main technical challenge in extending the 2D method to 3D cubed-sphere grids is to properly handle the nonplanar cell faces that arise in cubed-sphere grids. This difficulty is solved by considering general hexahedral cells with trilinear faces, which allow us to compute fluxes, areas and volumes with high-order accuracy by transforming to a reference cubic cell. The 3D CENO scheme is implemented within a flexible multi-block cubed-sphere grid framework to fourth-order accuracy, resulting in a high-order solution method for cubed-sphere grids with unique capabilities in terms of adaptive refinement and parallel scalability. The high-order method is applicable to the solution of general hyperbolic conservation laws with, in principle, arbitrary order. The CENO scheme is based on a hybrid solution reconstruction procedure that provides high-order accuracy in smooth regions, even for smooth extrema, and non-oscillatory transitions at discontinuities. The scheme is applied herein to MHD in combination with a GLM divergence correction technique to control the solenoidal condition for the magnetic field while preserving the high-order accuracy of the numerical procedure. The cubed-sphere simulation framework features a flexible design based on a genuine multi-block implementation, leading to high-order accuracy, flux calculation, adaptivity and parallelism that are fully transparent to the boundaries between the six sectors of the cubedsphere grid. The proposed 3D MHD CENO scheme is shown to achieve uniform fourth-order accuracy on cubed-sphere grids. Parallel domain partitioning and grid adaptivity are achieved on the 3D cubed-sphere grids using a hierarchical block-based division strategy with blocks of equal size. Numerical results to demonstrate the high-order accuracy, robustness and capability of the proposed high-order framework are presented and discussed for several test problems.

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Finite-volume transport on various cubed-sphere grids

Cited by 508 publications

References 36 publications

Impact of planetary boundary layer turbulence on model climate and tracer transport

Impact of planetary boundary layer turbulence on model climate and tracer transport

Two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics in the GFDL AM3 GCM: description, evaluation, and sensitivity tests

High-order central ENO finite-volume scheme for ideal MHD

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