“…Similar to our US-based study, research in other countries such as Spain (Alducin-Ochoa and V azquez-Mart ınez, 2016), Finland (Nikou and Maslov, 2023) and Kazakhstan (Namyssova et al, 2019) also highlight the benefits and challenges of incorporating technologies to facilitate hybrid learning. Amidst evolving innovation to support asynchronous communication educators, such as text-based discussion forums (Skylar, 2009), cloud-based communication platforms (Brunvand and Byrd, 2011), games (Su, 2017) and avatars (Chae et al, 2016), educators and administrators are tasked with the challenge of finding the most effective technology to support student learning while considering student access and ease of integration into current learning management systems (Liu et al, 2020).…”