Fiord to Deep Sea Sediment Transfers along the Northeastern Canadian Continental Margin: Models and Data

Abstract

In Alaskan fiords, sedimentation rates are high; during a glacial advance fiord-basin sediments are transported to the ice front to form a shoal which reduces the calving rate. Thus, during successive glacial cycles, sediment is initially stored and then removed from fiord basins. In the fiords of eastern Baffin Island sedimentation rates are, and were, much lower (< 1000 Kg/m2 ka). and fiord-basin fills may span several glacial cycles. This hypothesis is in keeping with the relatively low sedimentation rates on the adjacent shelf (50 to 500 kg/m2 ka) and deep-sea plain (< = 50 kg/m2 ka). The advance of outlet glaciers through these arctic fiords may be explained by the in situ growth of a floating ice-shelf, grounded at the mouth of the fiord. The extent of late Foxe Glaciation in McBeth and ltirbilung fiords can be delimited by raised marine deltas (50-85 m asl) with 14C dates on in situ shells and whalebone of >54 ka. Holocene raised beaches are lower and date <10 ka. These data, plus the absence of tills in raised marine sections along the outer coast, make it difficult to extend grounded ice onto the shelf during the 18 ka global maximum. Piston cores from Tingin. ltirbilung and McBeth fiords vary between 4 and 11 m in length, but only sample a proportion of the total basin-fills.

Outburst flooding and the initiation of ice-stream surges in response to climatic cooling: A hypothesis

“…Cf. Andrews (1990). turn increases the tendency for the ice shelf to freeze-on if it runs aground on a sill and loses the ocean or largelake circulation (e.g., Rignot and Jacobs, 2002;Joughin and Padman, 2003).…”

Sedimentation in Expedition Fiord, Axel Heiberg Island, Northwest Territories

“…The thin sediment cover can be explained if these conditions prevailed through the Pleistocene in the absence of glaciers occupying Expedition Fiord as England (1987) has demonstrated elsewhere in the High Arctic. This condition is very different from the fiords of Baffin Island where large outlet glaciers deposited and overrode thick glacimarine sedimentary sequences (Andrews, 1990). Thus, conventional coring techniques might produce a long sedimentary record from this area.…”

Fjord infill in a high‐relief area: Rapid deposition influenced by deglaciation dynamics, glacio‐isostatic rebound and gravitational activity

“…Fjords are conduits for sediment transport from land to offshore areas (Andrews 1990;Hein & Syvitski 1992;LeB Hooke & Elverhøi 1996;Sejrup et al 1996). With their great depths and several sub-basins, they are efficient sediment traps in deglacial and non-glacial periods (Vorren et al 1989;Syvitski & Shaw 1995;Aarseth 1997).…”