Fire and Plants

Bond, William J.; Wilgen, Brian W. van

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1499-5

Cited by 997 publications

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“…The highest values for the two parameters coincide with the maximum explosion of herbaceous species during the first 4-5 years, and then both decrease. This increase in the richness values in the first few stages has been described by other authors who analysed post-fire vegetation recovery (Naveh and Dann, 1974;Lepart, 1980, 1981;Casal et al, 1990;Bond and Van Wilgen, 1996;Cavero and Ederra, 1999;Naveh, 1999). The decrease in diversity values is produced by the community starting to stabilise or by the changes being brought to a standstill, and this results in a marked dominance of woody species and, in these zones, of Erica australis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Secondary succession after perturbations in a shrubland community

2002

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Shrubland responses to experimental burning, cutting and ploughing treatments were studied over 15 years in two shrubland communities dominated by Erica australis. The treatments represent the most frequent forms of anthropogenic disturbances experienced by these communities throughout their history. The response to burning and cutting treatments is similar, and the succession process is characterised as autosuccession. The highest values for herbaceous annuals and perennials were observed in the third and fourth years. Generally, herbaceous species remain present throughout the study period, while woody taxa ones increase their cover values over time. The quantity of herbaceous species present is in inverse proportion to the quantity of woody taxa. The woody species that appear immediately after treatments are sprouting species, namely Erica australis and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. The response to ploughing is slower, reflecting the recovery mechanism (seedlings). However, after 15 years, there are no significant differences in regeneration between treatments. The first stages of this post-ploughing succession are dominated by annual species until the fourth or fifth years, after which woody species begin to dominate and herbaceous taxa decrease considerably. Woody species with high germination values are Halimium alyssoides and Halimium umbellatum. These shrubland communities have a very high resilience to such perturbations and start regenerating rapidly, reaching the original state in about 9 years. The appearance of the climax arboreal species of the area, Quercus pyrenaica, when it comes from germination, occurs 15 years after the perturbations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Secondary succession after perturbations in a shrubland community

2002

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“…The fuel for savannas fires is mostly provided by dead grass: the fire may only burn -8-following years of adequate rainfall and low herbivory, when sufficient grass biomass has accumulated (Bond and van Wilgen, 1996). The fire acts differently on grass and tree.…”

Section: Fire Forcings and Tree-grass Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree–grass co-existence in savanna: Interactions of rain and fire

Accatino

Michele

Vezzoli

et al. 2010

Journal of Theoretical Biology

116

105

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The mechanisms permitting the co-existence of tree and grass in savannas have been a source of contention for many years. The two main classes of explanations involve either competition for resources, or differential sensitivity to disturbances. Published models focus principally on one or the other of these mechanisms. Here we introduce a simple ecohydrologic model of savanna vegetation involving both competition for water, and differential sensitivity of trees and grasses to fire disturbances. We show how the coexistence of trees and grasses in savannas can be simultaneously controlled by rainfall and fire, and how the relative importance of the two factors distinguishes between dry and moist savannas. The stability map allows to predict the changes in vegetation structure along gradients of rainfall and fire disturbances realistically, and to clarify the distinction between climate-and disturbance-dependent ecosystems.

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“…Características individuais das plantas, como sua anatomia e fisiologia, são fundamentais para determinar a sobrevivência desses organismos após o fogo (Bond & Wilgen 1996). Nas formações savânicas do Cerrado, raízes profundas, folhas e súber espessos são características adaptativas que auxiliam as plantas a resistirem às altas temperaturas durante as queimadas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Dinâmica da comunidade arbórea em uma floresta estacional semidecidual sob queimadas recorrentes

et al. 2012

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RESUMO(Dinâmica da comunidade arbórea em uma floresta estacional semidecidual sob queimadas recorrentes). Os efeitos do fogo sobre a mortalidade de árvores podem alterar a composição e estrutura da vegetação, dependendo da intensidade, frequência e duração das queimadas. Monitoramos áreas de floresta sujeitas a diferentes frequências de fogo no Parque Estadual da Serra Azul, Barra do Garças, MT: 0,9 ha queimaram em 2007 (Q1) e 0,9 ha em 2005 e 2007 (Q2). A dinâmica foi referente ao intervalo médio de 2,02 anos, de forma que o primeiro levantamento (T1) ocorreu em outubro/2006-maio/2007 e o segundo levantamento (T2) em março/2009, considerando indivíduos com PAP ≥ 15 cm. A diversidade (H') e a riqueza de espécies (estimada por Jackknife) foram maiores em Q2, nos dois levantamentos. Ocorreu a diminuição significativa na densidade em Q1 e Q2, mas a proporção de indivíduos mortos foi maior em Q1. Os parâmetros da dinâmica baseados no número de indivíduos e na área basal não diferiram entre Q1 e Q2. O aumento da diversidade na área sujeita a maior frequência de queimadas pode ser explicada pela hipótese de distúrbio intermediário. Entretanto, apesar da mortalidade e recrutamento não terem diferido entre Q1 e Q2, as altas taxas de mudança, independentes da frequência do fogo, sugerem futuras alterações florísticas e estruturais na floresta, caso as queimadas continuem ocorrendo na área. Palavras-chave: dinâmica florestal, distúrbios, incêndios florestais, mortalidade ABSTRACT(Tree community dynamics in a semideciduous forest under recurrent fires). The effects of fire on tree mortality can change floristic and forest structure depending on intensity, frequency and the length of a fire. Areas of semideciduous forest in Parque Estadual da Serra Azul, Barra do Garças (MT, Brazil), exposed to different frequencies of fire, were monitored: 0.9 ha burned in 2007 (Q1) and 0.9 ha in 2005 and 2007 (Q2). The dynamics were based on the average interval of 2.02 years between T1 (outubro/2006-maio/2007) and T2 (March/2009), including individuals with PAP ≥ 15 cm. Diversity (H') and species richness (estimated by Jackknife) were higher in Q2, in both at T1 and T2. The decrease of tree density between surveys was significant for Q1 and Q2, but the proportion of deaths was higher in Q1. There were no differences in the dynamic parameters between Q1 and Q2 when considering both the number of individuals and basal area. The increase of diversity in Q2 may be partially explained by the hypothesis of intermediate disturbance. However, despite the absence of differences in recruitment and mortality between Q1 and Q2, the high turnover rates, independent of fire frequency, suggest future changes in the flora and structure of the forest if fire continues to be frequent in the area.

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Fire and Plants

Cited by 997 publications

References 0 publications

Secondary succession after perturbations in a shrubland community

Secondary succession after perturbations in a shrubland community

Tree–grass co-existence in savanna: Interactions of rain and fire

Dinâmica da comunidade arbórea em uma floresta estacional semidecidual sob queimadas recorrentes

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