Fire as a primary event of accident domino sequences: The case of BLEVE

Hemmatian, Behrouz; Planas, Eulàlia; Casal, Joaquim

doi:10.1016/j.ress.2015.03.021

Cited by 51 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This behaviour was found with all the substances investigated, which were -according to a historical analysis (Hemmatian et al, 2015)-the ones more frequently involved in BLEVE accidents. This linear relationship relating the energy, the temperature and the degree of filling indicates a way to calculate the energy released in a BLEVE and, consequently, the overpressure generated by the explosion.…”

Section: Bleve Mechanical Energy and Its Linear Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Vinyl chloride Table 1, which are the ones most frequently involved in BLEVE accidents according to a historical analysis (Hemmatian et al, 2015). For all the scenarios, the mechanical energy per m 3 of vessel volume was determined by assuming real gas behaviour and adiabatic irreversible expansion, according to the methodology proposed by Planas et al (2004).…”

Section: A New Methodology To Predict the Bleve Mechanical Energy: Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new procedure to estimate BLEVE overpressure

Hemmatian

Casal

Planas

2017

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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Section: Bleve Mechanical Energy and Its Linear Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: A New Methodology To Predict the Bleve Mechanical Energy: Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

A new procedure to estimate BLEVE overpressure

Hemmatian

Casal

Planas

2017

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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“…However, some VCE accidents in transportation caused major damage to built property. An often cited example was a VCE cause by a puncture of an LPG tank car in East St. Louis (USA) on January 22, 1972 (Eichler, Napadentsky 1977).…”

Section: Accidents Capable To Damage Roadside Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Risk to Structures Built Near Roads and Rails Used for Moving Hazardous Materials

Vaidogas

Kisežauskienė

Girnienė

2016

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management

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An assessment of parts of transportation infrastructure in terms of hazards to roadside territory is considered. It is suggested to assess individual segments of road and railway network by estimating risks posed by potential fires and explosions on road and rail. Boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion of tanker trucks and tank cars is identified as the most hazardous and likely high consequence accident in the land transport. It is proposed to express the risk to built roadside objects by means of an annual damage frequency. This frequency is considered to be a specific physical characteristic of the road or railway segment under analysis. It is shown that estimating the damage frequency requires assessing effects of a potential explosion on road or rail and developing a fragility function for the roadside object analysed as a potential target. An example case study is presented. It considers a potential thermal damage to a reservoir (stationary tank) built in the vicinity of a highway. The damage can be caused by an explosion of a propane tanker truck. Results of the risk assessment are expressed in terms of probabilities of specific damage events.

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“…If this pipe conveys gas and it is not adequately fireproofed, the probability of failure in a rather short time is very high. Hemmatian et al [23] have drawn attention to the high heat fluxes in the case of jet fire impingement (see the values given in Section 5), and to the short time to failure (as short as a few minutes in some cases) that can occur when the heated wall is not wetted by a liquid. However, if the target pipe conveys a high flow at high pressure, the heat transfer coefficient to internal fluid could be sufficient to prevent failure.…”

Section: Domino Effect Possibilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The worst case happens when there is flame impingement, as the thermal flux is very high; the following approximate values can be assumed [23,[25][26][27]]:…”

Section: Jet Firementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of domino effect in pipelines

Ramírez-Camacho

Pastor

Casal

et al. 2015

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Parallel pipelines are frequently installed over long distances, due to the difficulty in creating or maintaining the required corridor. This implies that a release in one pipeline can seriously affect another one. The main risks associated with this domino effect are the erosive action of fluid-sand jets and the thermal action of jet fires. In this paper a survey has been performed on the accidents that have occurred, and the diverse possibilities and the associated domino sequences are analysed. The probability of occurrence of this domino effect is a function of the location of the hole, the direction of the jet, the solid angle that the jet is outlining, the diameter of both pipelines, and the distance between them. A mathematical model has been developed to estimate this probability. The model shows how the probability of domino effect decreases with the distance and diameter of the source pipe, and increases with the diameter of the target pipe. The frequency of the domino effect can be estimated from this probability and from the frequency of the initiating pipe failure plus, in the case of jet fire impingement, the probability of ignition. The frequency of the secondary pipe failure thus calculated, always higher than the individual frequency of this pipe, allows obtaining more realistic risk analysis results. HIGHLIGHTS In parallel pipelines domino effect can have a significant influence.  Domino effect will be originated by jet erosion or jet fire impingement.  The domino effect probability depends on the geometric arrangement of the system.  A mathematical model has been developed to estimate domino effect probability.  This probability allows a more realistic estimation of failure frequencies. ABSTRACTParallel pipelines are frequently installed over long distances, due to the difficulty in creating or maintaining the required corridor. This implies that a release in one pipeline can seriously affect another one. The main risks associated with this domino effect are erosion by fluid-sand jets and the thermal action of jet fires. In this paper a survey has been performed on the accidents that have occurred, and the diverse associated domino sequences are analyzed. The probability of occurrence of domino effect is a function of the location of the hole, the jet direction and solid angle, the diameter of both pipelines and the distance between them. A mathematical model has been developed to estimate this probability. The model shows how the probability of domino effect decreases with the distance and diameter of the source pipe, and increases with the diameter of the target pipe. Its frequency can be estimated from this probability and from the frequency of the initiating pipe failure plus, in the case of jet fire impingement, the probability of ignition. The frequency of the target pipe failure thus calculated, always higher than its individual frequency, allows a more realistic risk analysis.

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Fire as a primary event of accident domino sequences: The case of BLEVE

Cited by 51 publications

References 19 publications

A new procedure to estimate BLEVE overpressure

A new procedure to estimate BLEVE overpressure

The Risk to Structures Built Near Roads and Rails Used for Moving Hazardous Materials

Analysis of domino effect in pipelines

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