Fire-Derived Charcoal Causes Loss of Forest Humus

Wardle, David A.; Nilsson, Marie‐Charlotte; Zackrisson, Olle

doi:10.1126/science.1154960

Cited by 553 publications

(371 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Using a different experimental setup (laboratory incubation vs field) and another 119 method to estimate the decomposition (CO 2 trapping vs litter bag mass loss), our results 120 challenge the results published by Wardle et al (2008). In our study, the charcoal did not 121 enhance the decomposition of the mixture and even decreased the decay rate in one of the 122 case.…”

Section: Results and Discussion 105contrasting

confidence: 57%

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Charcoal does not change the decomposition rate of mixed litters in a mineral cambisol: a controlled conditions study

Abiven

Andreoli

2010

Biol Fertil Soils

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Section: Results and Discussion 105contrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Therefore, there is an apparent paradox between 59 the recent findings by Wardle et al (2008), and the potential synergistic effect of 60 charcoal. 61…”

Section: Introduction 23mentioning

confidence: 66%

Charcoal does not change the decomposition rate of mixed litters in a mineral cambisol: a controlled conditions study

Abiven

Andreoli

2010

Biol Fertil Soils

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“…This may be associated with reduced inputs of organic matter and increased erosion loss of organic matter (e.g. Knicker, 2007;Wardle et al, 2008). However, there were no significant differences in most soil properties between the B0 and B4 plots, indicating that the ecosystem processes could recover in less frequent burning treatments (B4 plots).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Shifts in the abundance and community structure of soil ammonia oxidizers in a wet sclerophyll forest under long-term prescribed burning

Long

Chen

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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• We examined how fires affected the abundances and communities of soil AOB and AOA.• A long-term repeated forest fire experiment was investigated.• Fires increased the abundance of bacterium amoA genes, but not archaeal amoA genes.• Fire also modified the composition of AOA and AOB communities.• AOB genotype was affected by soil pH and DOC, while AOA by nitrate-N and DOC. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Fire shapes global biome distribution and promotes the terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) play a vital role in the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen (N). However, behaviors of AOB and AOA under long-term prescribed burning remain unclear. This study was to examine how fire affected the abundances and communities of soil AOB and AOA. A long-term repeated forest fire experiment with three burning treatments (never burnt, B0; biennially burnt, B2; and quadrennially burnt, B4) was used in this study. The abundances and community structure of soil AOB and AOA were determined using quantitative PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism and clone library. More frequent fires (B2) increased the abundance of bacterium amoA gene, but tended to decrease archaeal amoA genes. Fire also modified the composition of AOA and AOB communities. Canonical correspondence analysis showed soil pH and dissolved organic C (DOC) strongly affected AOB genotypes, while nitrate-N and DOC shaped the AOA distribution. The increased abundance of bacterium amoA gene by fires may imply an important role of AOB in nitrification in fire-affected soils. The fire-induced shift in the community composition of AOB and AOA demonstrates that fire can disturb nutrient cycles.

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“…In particular, Wardle et al (2008) found that bioehar stimulated 1055 ofboreal forest humus over a 1O-year period under field conditions. Similarly, Luo et al (2011) showed positive priming effeets on native soil organic Cafter the applieation ofbioehar to a c1ay-loam soil in an incubation experimento Other studies in the Iiterature, however, report no effeets or negative priming effeets ofbioehar on soil organic matter (Liang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Carbon dioxide emissions from semi-arid soils amended with biochar alone or combined with mineral and organic fertilizers

Fernández

Nieto

López‐de‐Sá

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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Semi-arid soils cover a significant area ofEarth's land surface and typically contain large amounts of inorganic C. Determining the effects ofbiochar additions on e0 2 emissions fram semi-arid soils is therefore essential for evaluating the potential ofbiochar as aclimate change mitigation strategy. Here, we measured the e0 2 that evolved fram semi-arid calcareous soils amended with biochar at rates of Oand 20 t ha-1 in a full factorial combination with three different fertilizers (mineral fertilizer, municipal solid waste compost, and sewage sludgel applied at four rates (equivalent to O, 75, 150, and 225 kg potentially available N ha-1 1during 182 days of aerabic incubation. A double exponential mode!, which describes cumulative e0 2 emissions fram two active soil e compartments with different turnover rates (one relatively stable and the other more labile l, was found to fit very well all the experimental datasets. In genera!, the organic fertilizers increased the size and decomposition rate of the stable and labile soil e pools. In contrast, biochar addition had no effects on any of the double exponential model parameters and did not interact with the effects ascribed to the type and rate of fertilizer. After 182 days of incubation, soil organic and microbial biomass e contents tended to increase with increasing the application rates of organic fertilizer, especially of compost, whereas increasing the rate of mineral fertilizer tended to suppress microbial biomass. Biochar was found to increase both organic and inorganic e contents in soil and not to interact with the effects oftype and rate of fertilizer on efractions. As a whole, our results suggest that the use of biochar as enhancer of semi-arid soils, either alone or combined with mineral and organic fertilizers, is unlikely to increase abiotic and biotic soil e0 2 emissions.

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Fire-Derived Charcoal Causes Loss of Forest Humus

Cited by 553 publications

References 9 publications

Charcoal does not change the decomposition rate of mixed litters in a mineral cambisol: a controlled conditions study

Charcoal does not change the decomposition rate of mixed litters in a mineral cambisol: a controlled conditions study

Shifts in the abundance and community structure of soil ammonia oxidizers in a wet sclerophyll forest under long-term prescribed burning

Carbon dioxide emissions from semi-arid soils amended with biochar alone or combined with mineral and organic fertilizers

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