Fire Detection by Microwave Radiometric Sensors: Modeling a Scenario in the Presence of Obstacles

Microwave Radiometry Imaging for Forest Fire Detection: A Simulation Study

“…Since the radiometer is placed at an height of few meters, the upward atmospheric emission and the related optical depth have been neglected in (2). The computations of the radiometric temperatures were performed at 12.65 GHz, the operative frequency of the radiometer prototype developed in [5,6].…”

“…radiometer based at h = 10 m, for vertical (V ) and horizontal (H) polarization respectively. Here after, the antenna power pattern F (θ, ϕ) is approximated with the fundamental Gaussian mode as detailed in [5,12]. In the image scansion, F (θ, ϕ) is computed for each antenna beam direction (or antenna boresight), i.e., for all incident angles of each sweep.…”

“…With the aim to simulate the brightness temperature T BF again in an open space with an homogeneous soil but in presence of fire, the relation becomes [5]:…”

“…While actual single-spot fire measurements by a microwave radiometer are promising under different conditions and in particular in presence of obstacles [5,6], in order to make the radiometric system useful in practical situations a microwave image of the observed scene has to be constructed [7].…”

“…We will refer to the low-cost microwave radiometer operating at 12.65 GHz and developed for this purposes in [5,6]. Therefore, these simulations will assess the identification capability of little fires by means of microwave radiometry, exploring different environmental and operative conditions.…”