Fire dynamics simulator- technical reference guide

McGrattan, Kevin B.; Baum, Howard R.; Rehm, Ronald G.; Hamins, Anthony P.; Forney, Glenn P.

doi:10.6028/nist.ir.6467

Cited by 520 publications

(864 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…It numerically solves a form of the Navier-Stokes equations appropriate for low-speed, thermally driven flow with an emphasis on smoke and heat transport from fires [5].…”

Section: Fire Dynamic Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the ability of fire dynamic simulator to simulate positive pressure ventilation in the laboratory and practical scenarios

Kerber¹

2006

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Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) is a tactic that is used on fire grounds across the world everyday, both to improve tenability after the extinguishment of a fire and/or offensively during fire attack to improve firefighting conditions. PPV has proven that it can be a useful tool on the fire ground, but it can also kill or injure fire fighters and All experiments qualify and quantify the comparison of the experimental results with the FDS results. A concluding scenario is modeled utilizing the calibration of the full-scale experiments to examine the effects of PPV on a fire in a two-story, colonial style house.

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“…It numerically solves a form of the Navier-Stokes equations appropriate for low-speed, thermally driven flow with an emphasis on smoke and heat transport from fires [5].…”

Section: Fire Dynamic Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FDS utilizes material properties of the furnishings, walls, floors, and ceilings to compute fire growth and spread. A complete description of the FDS model is given in references [5,6].…”

Section: Fire Dynamic Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the ability of fire dynamic simulator to simulate positive pressure ventilation in the laboratory and practical scenarios

Kerber¹

2006

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“…Wrona, 2013;Wrona et al, 2013;Suban 2015;Wrona et al, 2016a). The model has been validated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA (McGrattan et al, 2010).…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The partial derivatives of the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy are approximated as finite differences, and the solution is updated in time on a three-dimensional, rectilinear grid. The equation of state is also considered (McGrattan et al, 2010).…”

Section: Overlaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible to perform a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) if the numerical grid is fine enough. LES is the default mode of operation and is based on approximation of the influence of small vortices (which are independent from flow geometry) and inputting them into calculations as additional tensors and then solving the model only for large vortexes which depend on geometry and boundary conditions (Anderson et al, 1997;McGrattan et al, 2010).…”

Section: Overlaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Climate Change on CO2 and CH4 Concentration Near Closed Shaft – Numerical Simulations

Wrona¹

2017

Archives of Mining Sciences

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Given the scientific consensus pointing to climate change, the more extreme weather events associated with this will lead to deeper pressure drops. As has already been stated, pressure drops are the main cause of gas flow from underground sites to the surface. This article presents the results of numerical simulations of the change in distribution of CO 2 and CH 4 near a closed mining shaft under the predicted baric tendency. Simulations have been undertaken by means of the FDS software package with the Pyrosim graphical interface -a CFD tool for fire and ventilation analysis. Assumptions have been based on previous results of in-situ measurements. The results (determined for a height of 1m above the ground) were compared to the following levels (later in the text comparison levels): for CO 2 0.1%vol. according to Pettenkoffer's scale and 2.5%vol. for CH4 as the half of Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). The results show that the deeper baric drops anticipated could lead to a wider spread of both greenhouse gases in the vicinity of the shaft, especially along the prevailing wind direction. According to the results obtained, CO 2 and CH 4 with concentrations above their comparison levels are expected at a distance greater than 50m from the shaft when wind is present for CO 2 and at a distance of 4.5m for CH 4 . Subsequent analysis of the results enabled the determination of functions for describing the concentration of gases along the wind direction line under the projected pressure drop. The results relate to a particular case, although the model could easily be modified to any other example of gas emissions from underground sites.Keywords: greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, mine closure, abandoned shaft, underground gas storage, public safety, CFD Wraz ze zmianami klimatu należy spodziewać się większej niż obecnie liczby dni w roku, w któ-rych będą występować ekstremalne zjawiska pogodowe, związane z przechodzeniem coraz głębszych frontów atmosferycznych (np. Falarz, 1997; Koźmiński i Michalska, 2010). Przyczyni się to do wzrostu tendencji barycznej zniżek ciśnienia. Zniżki baryczne są główną przyczyną emisji gazów kopalnianych na powierzchnię (Wrona et al., 2016b). Gazy te zawierają głównie CO 2 i CH 4 , które są uznawane za gazy cieplarniane oraz mogą stworzyć lokalne zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa powszechnego (np. Czaja, 2012 640W artykule przedstawiono wyniki symulacji numerycznych dotyczących zmiany stężenia obu gazów emitowanych z nieczynnego szybu górniczego na skutek zwiększającej się zniżkowej tendencji barycznej. Na podstawie analizy literaturowej zagadnienia (np. Falarz, 1997), stwierdzono, że w przyszłości możliwe są ekstremalne zniżki baryczne sięgające lub nawet przekraczające 5 hPa/1h. Na obszarze południowej Polski można spodziewać się raz na dwa lata zniżki sięgającej 4 hPa/1h oraz raz na 10 lat przekraczającej 5 hPa/1h. Takie zdarzenie, spowodowane przez zmiany klimatu, może doprowadzić do intensywniejszego wypływu gazów z obszarów podziemnych, a przez to zasięg ich oddziaływania może być za...

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Review of airflow and transport analysis in building using CFD and network model

Kato

2018

Japan Architectural Review

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This paper reviews computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and simulation of a network model of airflow and transport scenarios, as well as their coupled simulation. The network model is a tool to describe the whole and macroscopic characteristics of airflow transport in buildings, where airflow is modeled as a network of one-dimensional flow elements. The flow network model can be solved with comparatively less computational cost; however, all the airflows between nodes should be modeled as one-dimensional. The airflows and their transports in a room are not one-dimensional but three-dimensional. CFD is a convenient tool for analyzing such three-dimensional flows and transports. The equations are non-linear, and their solutions are usually obtained numerically. The CFD analysis requires considerable computation resources and computational time. To analyze the whole and macroscopic characteristics of airflows and their transports in buildings including the space distribution features in a certain room, the two simulations should be carried out simultaneously. In this work, the author reviews the conduction of CFD in a room, network simulation in a whole building, and simulation of their coupling. Further, the author's previous works pertaining to this subject are explained.

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Fire dynamics simulator- technical reference guide

Cited by 520 publications

References 54 publications

Evaluation of the ability of fire dynamic simulator to simulate positive pressure ventilation in the laboratory and practical scenarios

Evaluation of the ability of fire dynamic simulator to simulate positive pressure ventilation in the laboratory and practical scenarios

The Influence of Climate Change on CO2 and CH4 Concentration Near Closed Shaft – Numerical Simulations

Review of airflow and transport analysis in building using CFD and network model

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