Fire-extinguishing performance and gas-phase pollution characteristics of different foam agents in extinguishing transformer oil pool fire

Zhang, Jiaqing; Shang, Fengju; Zhou, Wei; Xiao, Fei; Cheng, Daizhan

doi:10.1177/07349041221142509

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The pyrolysis of AFFF foam at high temperatures produces numerous long-chain compounds containing C-F bonds, such as C 8 HO 2 F 15 , among others. 5 This effectively safeguards the stability of the foam at high temperatures, preventing it from breaking due to rapid temperature increases and other factors. The increase in nozzle pressure results in smaller foam particle sizes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It exhibits the highest fire extinguishing efficiency for suppressing Class B fires. 5,[7][8][9][10] Existing AFFFs commonly contain perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), such as perfluorinated telomer (PFT), to create a water film on the surface of burning liquids. These fluorinated compounds possess persistence, potential for bioaccumulation, and toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Foam extinguishing agents are widely used due to their high efficacy in fire suppression and excellent characteristics such as resistance to re-ignition. 5 The primary fire suppression mechanisms of foam extinguishing agents include (1) coverage, (2) cooling, and (3) smothering, which prevent the transfer of heat and oxygen (O 2 ), effectively inhibiting the further combustion of the underlying fuel. 6 Among them, aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) is a classical foam extinguishing agent, composed of fluorocarbon surfactants, hydrocarbon surfactants, additives, and water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of fire extinguishing performance and mechanisms in transformer oil pool fires by large-scale compressed nitrogen foam: Impact of different nozzle pressures

Shang,

Zhang,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Journal of Fire Sciences

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This article investigates the suppression of transformer oil pool fires using compressed nitrogen aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agents with varying nozzle pressures (0.1–0.4 MPa), and a comprehensive analysis of fire extinguishing behavior and resistance to re-ignition was conducted. The research findings indicate that at a nozzle pressure of 0.4 MPa, there is a significant enhancement in fire extinguishing efficiency, with a reduction in extinguishing time by 15.0%–29.2%, and an increase in resistance to re-ignition by 32.2%–48.2%, making it the optimal choice. In comparison to the 0.1 MPa condition, the maximum instantaneous emissions of CO and SO2 at 0.4 MPa are only 66.7%. The interaction of various effects, such as atomization, results in a significant enhancement of flame intensification and fire extinguishing effects when compressed nitrogen aqueous film-forming foam is sprayed at high nozzle pressures. The study provides valuable insights for firefighters in the practical use of foam extinguishing agents.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of fire extinguishing performance and mechanisms in transformer oil pool fires by large-scale compressed nitrogen foam: Impact of different nozzle pressures

Shang,

Zhang,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Journal of Fire Sciences

Self Cite

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“…In study [6], aqueous film-forming foam, fluor protein foam, and synthetic foam were used to extinguish transformer oil fires. The extinguishing ability and resistance to reverse (repeated) combustion were investigated using a laboratory fire extinguishing system.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the patterns of extinguishing polar flammable liquids with a film-forming foaming agent

Tsapko,

Likhnyovskyi,

Tsapko

et al. 2023

EEJET

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An issue related to the use of foaming agents to extinguish fires involving flammable liquids is to ensure the efficiency of vapor insulation of flammable liquid and the foam stability during operation. Therefore, the object of research was a change in the insulating properties of the foaming agent film when interacting with a polar combustible substance. It has been proven that the presence of foaming agent on a flammable liquid leads to the formation of an insulating film on the surface resistant to the combustion temperature of the liquid, due to which re-ignition shifts towards longer time. A film of foaming agent was formed on the surface of the flammable liquid by leaking from the screen, which led to the insulation of the surface. The measured contact area of the foaming film with the electrode was more than 6.2·10-3 m2, which indicates the formation of a barrier for temperature, which collapses over time. According to experimental data on changes in electrical resistance, the critical contact area of the foaming film with the electrode was calculated, at which the film is destroyed. Based on the derived dependences, the change in the process of mass transfer of the foaming film to a flammable liquid was calculated, equal to about 800 s. The maximum possible mass transfer of the foaming agent into the flammable liquid and the reduction of insulation capacity were evaluated. The peculiarities of foam supply to the surface of alcohol through the screen are that the quenching time was about 156 s while the critical intensity of the supply of the working solution of the foaming agent was 0.054 dm3/(m2·s). And the time interval before re-ignition was about 470 s, which is enough to cool the fire site. Thus, there is reason to assert the possibility of targeted control over the processes of extinguishing polar flammable liquids with a foaming agent

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Research on suppression effectiveness of compressed air foam for oil-immersed transformer hot oil fire

Zhou

Yang

Yoshioka

et al. 2023

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

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Fire-extinguishing performance and gas-phase pollution characteristics of different foam agents in extinguishing transformer oil pool fire

Cited by 6 publications

References 48 publications

Analysis of fire extinguishing performance and mechanisms in transformer oil pool fires by large-scale compressed nitrogen foam: Impact of different nozzle pressures

Analysis of fire extinguishing performance and mechanisms in transformer oil pool fires by large-scale compressed nitrogen foam: Impact of different nozzle pressures

Determining the patterns of extinguishing polar flammable liquids with a film-forming foaming agent

Research on suppression effectiveness of compressed air foam for oil-immersed transformer hot oil fire

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