Fire-extinguishing performance and mechanism of aqueous film-forming foam in diesel pool fire

Xu, Zhisheng; Guo, Xing; Yan, Long; Kang, Wendong

doi:10.1016/j.csite.2019.100578

Cited by 59 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The observed range of expansion values (7.1–8.6) and drainage times meet the requirement of low‐expansion foam applicated in fire extinguishing. Compared to other studies in the literature (He et al, 2019; Xu et al, 2020), the foams' expansion values measured herein are relatively small because of the dense structure of foams with lower porosity (Figure 5). In addition, the foam expansion increased with the hydrophobic chain of fluorinated surfactant, reflecting the improvement of surface activity of surfactant with increased chain length, as observed through Table 1.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 81%

The physicochemical and fire extinguishing performance of aqueous film‐forming foams based on a class of short‐chain fluorinated surfactants

Zhu

Jia

Zhang

2021

J Surfact & Detergents

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Aqueous film‐forming foams (AFFFs) are an important for fire extinguishing, and their key ingredient is fluorinated surfactant. In recent years, traditional long‐chain fluorinated surfactants have been banned by most countries because of their persistence, bio‐accumulation and toxicity. Therefore, increased attention has been paid to the research and development of short‐chain fluorinated surfactants. As is well known, the introduction of hydrophilic or hydrophobic groups in a surfactant affects its surface activity, and therefore, the fire extinguishing performance of AFFFs. In this work, a series of short‐chain fluorosurfactant‐based AFFFs with different hydrophobic chain lengths were prepared. The physicochemical performance of mixed systems (fluorinated surfactant plus sodium hexanesulfonate), including surface activity, spreading ability, foam expansion, drainage time, and the fire extinguishing and burn‐back performance of AFFFs were studied. The results show that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the surface tension (γCMC) at the CMC of mixed systems at 25°C are lower than 7.68 mmol/L and 16.51 mN/m, respectively. For mixed systems, the average spreading rate is more than 1.09 cm/s, the foam expansion is over 7.1, and the drainage time is greater than 3.28 min. The fire extinguishing time of AFFFs on fuels is less than 51 s while the burn‐back time is more than 15.18 min. The results imply a potential application prospect of the short‐chain fluorinated surfactants in AFFFs.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 81%

The physicochemical and fire extinguishing performance of aqueous film‐forming foams based on a class of short‐chain fluorinated surfactants

Zhu

Jia

Zhang

2021

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…This forms an aqueous film between the foam and the fuel, which covers the surface of the fuel fluid together with a dense layer of foam. Meanwhile, the evaporation of water reduces the oxygen concentration and combustion intensity, having a suffocating effect on the burning substance [6]. Fig.…”

Section: одним з найбIльш безпечних способIв гасIння пожеж в резервуаmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism to extinguish fire of diesel fuel with the help of AFFF was carefully analysed in [6], but the issues related to the supply of this type of foam concentrates under the burning petroleum product layer remain unresolved. In research works [7,8,[14][15][16][17][18], mechanisms and models of extinguishing tank fires of petroleum and petroleum products by the subsurface mode were developed.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of flooded foam jets’ motion parameters on subsurface extinguishing of fires in tanks with petroleum products

Voitovych

Kovalyshyn

Novitskyi

et al. 2020

EEJET

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“…Na taj način se prekida proces gorenja antikatalitičkim efektom, jer se sprečava oksidacija materije koja gori. Nastala penasta masa koja je zasićena CO 2 gasom ima četiri i više puta veću zapreminu u odnosu na zapreminu iste mase čistog MAP kao aktivne komponente u SGP [23,24].…”

Section: Karakterizacija Dobijenog Sgpunclassified

Optimization of the active component grinding process and hydrophobization of the obtained powder fire extinguisher

Mihajlovic

Đorđević

Jovanović

et al. 2021

Hem Ind

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This work presents a grinding process of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) as an active component in a powder fire extinguisher (PFE). The aim was to determine the grinding time for reaching the optimal particle size of MAP necessary for permanent fire extinguishing. MAP grinding was performed by using a laboratory ceramic ball mill and a vibrating cup mill. The grinding process was controlled by sieving using a 100 ?m sieve at precisely defined time intervals. The efficiency of a PFE depends on the share of the -100 ?m fraction of the active component, which has to exceed 60 %. The optimal grain size with 64 % of fraction of particle size -100 ?m was obtained after 33 min of grinding of ?3000 ?m mm grain size MAP by using a ball mill (single-stage grinding). In two-stage process, by grinding the same initial MAP sample (?3000 ?m) in the vibro mill for 10 min, powder with the upper limit grain size of 300 ?m and the mean grain diameter of 120 ?m was obtained. This sample with a reduced size was further ground in the ceramic ball mill yielding 67.5 % of the fraction of particle size -100 ?m after 19 min. The total time of the two-stage grinding process was 29 min. By analyzing the grinding time of MAP required to get the lowest required share of the fraction of particle size -100 ?m that provides the effectiveness of formed PFE it can be concluded that 64 % of this fraction was obtained after 33 min of single-stage grinding, while only after 26 min in the two-stage process. Thus, the grinding time was reduced by 7 min indicating certain energy savings. Stability and hydrophobicity of the obtained PFE were achieved by coating with magnesium stearate (MgSt) at the content of 2 % in a ball mill for 15 min. The coating was confirmed by the standardized procedure for verification of PFE hydrophobic properties in contact with water drops. To obtained PFE had component mass ratios of MAP:AS:CC:QS:MgSt=55:20:18:5:2 (AS-ammonium sulfate; CC-calcium carbonate, QS-quartz sand) and was further characterized by chemical and granulometric analyses. The fire extinguishing efficiency of the PFE was tested in controlled conditions, whereby fires were initiated by burning solid materials and flammable liquids. In both cases, immediate elimination of flames was achieved, thus proving the efficiency of the PFE obtained in this work for practical applications.

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Fire-extinguishing performance and mechanism of aqueous film-forming foam in diesel pool fire

Cited by 59 publications

References 9 publications

The physicochemical and fire extinguishing performance of aqueous film‐forming foams based on a class of short‐chain fluorinated surfactants

The physicochemical and fire extinguishing performance of aqueous film‐forming foams based on a class of short‐chain fluorinated surfactants

Influence of flooded foam jets’ motion parameters on subsurface extinguishing of fires in tanks with petroleum products

Optimization of the active component grinding process and hydrophobization of the obtained powder fire extinguisher

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