Fire hazard and other safety concerns of photovoltaic systems

Dhere, Neelkanth G.; Shiradkar, Narendra

doi:10.1117/1.jpe.2.022006

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Operational hazards in photovoltaic system are typically a result of electrical faults due to exposed circuitry, or degradation of materials responsible for electrical isolation. In extreme cases, fires can result from failure of the particular components [187]. The failure modes and degradation mechanisms discussed in this paper can be classified by their impact on the system as either a loss of performance, an operational safety hazard or both.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manufacturing metrology for c-Si module reliability and durability Part III: Module manufacturing

Davis

Rodgers

Scardera

et al. 2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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This article is the third and final article in a series dedicated to reviewing each process step in crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) module manufacturing process: feedstock, crystallization and wafering, cell fabrication, and module manufacturing. The goal of these papers is to identify relevant metrology techniques that can be utilized to improve the quality and durability of the final product. The focus of this article is on the module manufacturing process. The c-Si PV module fabrication process can be divided into three primary areas; (1) stringing and tabbing, (2) lamination, and (3) integration of junction box and bypass diode(s). Each of these processing steps can impact the reliability and durability of PV modules in the field. The ultimate goal of this article is to identify appropriate metrology techniques and characterization methods that can be utilized within a module manufacturing facility to improve the reliability and durability of the final product. Additionally, a gap analysis is carried out to identify areas in need of further research and a discussion is provided that addresses new challenges for advanced materials and emerging technologies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A series arc occurs when there is an open circuit in the PV module string. Both situations pose serious safety concerns and create potential fire hazards [187]. Within a junction box, potential for series and parallel type arcing exists.…”

Section: Arc Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing metrology for c-Si module reliability and durability Part III: Module manufacturing

Davis

Rodgers

Scardera

et al. 2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Self Cite

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“…There are several types of degradation: corrosion, discoloration, delamination, and breakage ( Fig. 3) [5][6][7][8]. Figure 4 shows the relations between the degradation factors and the degradation model.…”

Section: Lifetime Of Pv Cellsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…There are four factors affecting the degradation of a PV Fig. 3 Degradation of PV modules: a corrosion, b discoloration, c delamination, d breakage and cracking [5][6][7][8] module: irradiation, temperature, humidity, and mechanical shock [4]. Each of these factors induces PV module degradation.…”

Section: Lifetime Of Pv Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Solar Cell Materials at the End of Life

Wang

2016

Advances in Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants

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Although solar energy is a green energy, it can produce a significant amount of waste. Some types of solar cells use rare elements or precious metals as the component material. Therefore, the recycling of PV modules is necessary for environmental and economic purposes. The recycling process for PV modules includes chemical and physical treatment methods, which have been successfully used in other recycling industries, such as electronics or hardware recycling. The use of these mature technologies can decompose and recycle PV module materials. There are still some differences between PV module recycling and electronic recycling. A solar cell module contains several encapsulating plastic materials, such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF). In recycling programs, removing the plastic materials is the first step. In this chapter, several types of recycling processes are introduced, which correspond to different types of PV modules. These methods have been validated and successfully implemented in PV module recycling plants.

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“…Probability of fault occurrence is increased as dependency on solar PV technology is increased worldwide [2]. In 2018 solar power loss due to fault occurrence and degradation has recorded 17.5 % of total power output [3]. While, still fault such as line to line fault, ground fault, hot spot and shading fault can occur undetected [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Photovoltaic Faults and Performance Evaluation of its Detection Techniques

et al. 2020

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Faults detection and analysis in PV system are considered critical for ensuring safety and increasing output power of PV arrays. PV faults do not only reduce output power and efficiency but also lessen the working life time of a system. Most common and chronic PV faults are line to line, line to ground, shadowing fault, and arc fault while less common and acute faults are hotspot, degradation, bypass diode, and connection faults. Event of PV fault detection failures, such as most recent in Mount Holly, USA in 2011 evinced the improvement in current fault detection and mitigation techniques to shrink such failures. There are various limitations in the existing fault detection techniques, as identified in this paper, which may cause misdetection of the faults. This paper is focused on mathematical formulation of various PV faults and lead to the latter's critical analysis in terms of efficiency, accuracy, complexity, and reliability. The presented work also helps to identify nature and causes of occurrence of a PV fault. This research work serves as a special set of references and recommendations for researchers and PV manufacturing industry to improve fault detection prospects in solar PV systems.

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Fire hazard and other safety concerns of photovoltaic systems

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

Manufacturing metrology for c-Si module reliability and durability Part III: Module manufacturing

Manufacturing metrology for c-Si module reliability and durability Part III: Module manufacturing

Recycling of Solar Cell Materials at the End of Life

Comparative Analysis of Photovoltaic Faults and Performance Evaluation of its Detection Techniques

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