Fire in the Swamp Forest: Palaeoecological Insights Into Natural and Human-Induced Burning in Intact Tropical Peatlands

Cole, Lydia E.S.; Bhagwat, Shonil A.; Willis, Katherine J.

doi:10.3389/ffgc.2019.00048

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…Fire is an important natural disturbance in peatlands (Pellegrini et al 2018;Whitman et al 2019), and its regimes have been shifting in face of rising temperatures and more drought events resulting from climate change and human activities (Ali et al 2012;Langner and Siegert 2009;Turetsky et al 2015). For example, some low-latitude re-resistant peatlands became re-prone over the last decade due to high-frequency lowintensity res and occasional high-intensity res (Cole et al 2019;Turetsky et al 2015). Fire intensity and frequency changes may have cascading consequences for long-term carbon dynamics in peatlands (Kettridge et al 2015;Pellegrini et al 2018;Turetsky et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of fungal communities to fire in a subtropical peatland

et al. 2021

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Purpose: Wild re, an increasing disturbance in peatlands, could dramatically change carbon stocks and reshape plant/microbial communities, with longlasting effects on peatland functions. Soil fungi are important in controlling the belowground carbon and nutrient cycling in peatlands; however, the impact of altered re regimes on these fungi is still unclear.Methods: Here we assessed fungal abundance, composition, and diversity across four soil depths (0-5 cm, 6-10 cm, 11-15 cm, 16-20 cm) under lowintensity and high-intensity re in a subtropical peatland in the southeastern USA.Results: Low-intensity re signi cantly increased fungal Shannon diversity and the saprotrophic fungal composition in the 0-5 cm soil layer immediately and then retracted within 2 years. Such hump-shaped pattern, however, were not observed in deeper soils. The dominant fungal class Archaeorhizomycetes declined initially and then returned to pre-low-intensity res levels at 0-5 cm depths. Time since low-intensity re was a primary driver of fungal composition in the 0-10 cm soil depth, while geographical distance among sites affected the deeper soils (11-20 cm). The fungal Shannon diversity failed to recover to the unburned state even after 30 years after high-intensity re, especially in 6-20 cm soil depths. Strati cation patterns of the fungal community was diminished by high-intensity re. Soil properties (either phenolics or carbon) were the primary drivers in shaping fungal community reassembly after highintensity re across all soil depths. Conclusion: Collectively, the fungal communities seem to be highly resilient to low-intensity re, but not to high-intensity re in our shrub bog peatlands.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of fungal communities to fire in a subtropical peatland

et al. 2021

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“…Related to these dramatic land use changes are extensive anthropogenic peat fires that have marred the region, including Indonesia's ASEAN neighbours, with air pollution (Gaveau et al, 2014). The paleo record confirms that the contemporary incidence of peat fires is unprecedented in the ecological history of the peatlands (Cole et al, 2019;Hapsari et al, 2018). Peat fires are driven by recent forms of anthropogenic disturbance, created by new and diverse actors in increasingly teleconnected frontier landscapes (Adrianto et Resource and fire management in Riau are challenged by overlapping land claims among national and provincial governments, companies, investors and communities, often with deep political and financial interests in lucrative oil palm production, alongside weak law enforcement (Dennis et al, 2005;Gaveau et al, 2017;Varkkey, 2016) .…”

Section: Fire History and Land Use Change In Riaumentioning

confidence: 75%

Evaluating bundles of interventions to prevent peat-fires in Indonesia

Carmenta

Zabala

Trihadmojo

et al. 2021

Global Environmental Change

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Highlights• Indonesian peat fires yield profound social, environmental and economic burdens • We assess outcome determinants of a peat fire prevention program in Indonesia • Two-step QCA identifies proximate and remote conditions of fire-free outcomes • Effective combinations of interventions depend on landscape context • Sanctions and concern awareness are most influential, while rewards are not

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“…Extremely low numbers of fire-affected grid cells in such forests recorded during the study period suggests a very long fire return interval. This indicates that in the 21st century, as throughout the Holocene 20,21 , fire was not the main driver of deforestation in Sumatra and Kalimantan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Importantly, tropical forests are able to sustain elevated humidity during prolonged droughts 19 and, as result, act as a protective layer shielding the landscape from the impacts of regional climate variability. While fires episodically did occur in Sumatra and Kalimantan during the Holocene 20,21 , they were infrequent and did not cause a long-term loss in the forest vegetation, which covered the majority of the region at least since the end of the Last Glacial Maximum 3,16 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-complete loss of fire-resistant primary tropical forest cover in Sumatra and Kalimantan

Nikonovas

Spessa

Doerr

et al. 2020

Commun Earth Environ

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Deforestation in Indonesia in recent decades has made increasingly large parts of the region vulnerable to fires. Burning is particularly widespread in deforested peatlands, and it leads to globally significant carbon emissions. Here we use satellite-based observations to assess loss and fragmentation of primary forests and associated changes in fire regimes in Sumatra and Kalimantan between 2001 and 2019. We find that fires did not penetrate undisturbed primary forest areas deeper than two kilometres from the forest edge irrespective of drought conditions. However, fire-resistant forest now covers only 3% of peatlands and 4.5% of non-peatlands; the majority of the remaining primary forests are severely fragmented or degraded due to proximity to the forest edge. We conclude that protection and regeneration of the remaining blocks of contiguous primary forest, as well as peatland restoration, are urgently needed to mitigate the impacts of potentially more frequent fire events under future global warming.

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Fire in the Swamp Forest: Palaeoecological Insights Into Natural and Human-Induced Burning in Intact Tropical Peatlands

Cited by 24 publications

References 83 publications

Response of fungal communities to fire in a subtropical peatland

Response of fungal communities to fire in a subtropical peatland

Evaluating bundles of interventions to prevent peat-fires in Indonesia

Near-complete loss of fire-resistant primary tropical forest cover in Sumatra and Kalimantan

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