Fire Performance of Structural Cables: Current Understanding, Knowledge Gaps, and Proposed Research Agenda

Kotsovinos, Panagiotis; Judge, R.; Walker, Gary; Woodburn, Peter

doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002703

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, because environmental changes, particularly changes in temperature, can affect the endurance and load bearing capacity of structural components, it is crucial to consider the influence of higher temperatures on the mechanical performance of the component. When considering CFRP pin-loaded straps as bridge hanger cables, for instance, fire incidents like that on the New Little Belt Bridge in 2013 [ 22 ], which primarily involved steel and concrete structural cables/members, need to be considered by designers [ 23 , 24 ]. Composite materials, such as CFRP, are increasingly being used in civil engineering structures which may be at risk of fire [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Temperature on the Mechanical Performance of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Straps

2021

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The performance of pretensioned, laminated, unidirectional (UD), carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) straps, that can potentially be used for example as bridge deck suspender cables or prestressed shear reinforcements for reinforced concrete slabs and beams, was investigated at elevated temperatures. This paper aims to elucidate the effects of elevated temperature specifically on the tensile performance of pretensioned, pin-loaded straps. Two types of tests are presented: (1) steady state thermal and (2) transient state thermal. Eight steady-state target temperatures in the range of 24 °C to 600 °C were chosen, based on results from dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Transient state thermal tests were performed at three sustained tensile load levels, namely 10, 15, and 20 kN, corresponding to 25%, 37%, and 50% of the ultimate tensile strength of the pin-loaded straps at ambient temperature. In general, the straps were able to retain about 50% of their ambient temperature ultimate tensile strength (UTS) at 365 °C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Temperature on the Mechanical Performance of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Straps

2021

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“…The only standard that puts forward specific requirements for the fire performance of cables is PTI DC45.1-12 19 : Recommendations for Stay-Cable Design, Testing, and Installation issued by the Post-Tensioning Institute in 2012. 2 According to relevant requirement, under the UL1709 heating curve, the time when the surface temperature of the unloaded cable with external fire protection layer reaches 300°C shall exceed 30 min. The critical temperature of 300°C has been selected for two reasons: (1) to ensure that main tensile element (MTE) will not undergo plastic deformation under the working stress of 0 . 45 f b (400°C); (2) to ensure that HDPE around the cable is below its flash point (330°C).…”

Section: Determination Of Thickness Of Fire Protection Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 As the major stress components of the cable bridges, cables have typically four main structural forms: the locked coil strand, spiral strand, parallel-strand bundle, and wire rope strand (all shown in Figure 1). 2 Wire rope strand cables are usually applied to the stay-cable and main cable of suspension bridges, which generally manufactured from 15.2 or 15.7 mm steel strands. However, steel is not fire-resistant, and due to high thermal conductivity, its temperature rise promptly and its mechanical properties degrade relatively in fire environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical analysis and design of fire protection and thermal insulation of parallel wire or strand cables

Ouyang

Chen

Shen

et al. 2022

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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In this study, a transient heat flow model has been established for parallel wire or strand cables at high temperature by employing the lumped thermal mass approach, and the numerical solution of the surface temperature as a function of time in each layer of the steel wire or strand inside the cable was calculated. Accuracy of the theoretical method is verified through uniform heating test of 73Φ15.7 mm steel strand cable. The results calculated show that temperature field inhomogeneity of cable section is overestimation on the condition that heat conduction inside the cable is not considered. Considering heat conduction or not, the maximum temperature difference of the core steel stand at the same time point is 373 . Unprotected 73Φ15.7 mm cable is damaged in only 12 min in UL1709 fire, and arrangement of fire protection layer around cable can effectively retard the temperature rise of cable surface. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculation values in early stage of fire, and the temperature difference between the two is within 10%. Besides, the numerical calculations were analyzed in accordance with the fire protection requirements limiting the surface temperature of cables. It was observed that the minimum thickness of the fire protection layer required to meet the PTI DC45.1-12 standard was linearly related to the numerical value of the section factor of the outermost layer of steel wires or steel strands in the equivalent model, and the slope of the function was approximately equal to the conduction coefficient of fire protection layer, as the cable was subjected to fire for 30 min. Further, based on this, a simple method was proposed to calculate the minimum thickness of the fire protection layer for parallel wire or strand cables.

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“…With improvements in construction technology, the use of prestressed steel structures is widespread. With superior strength, flexible shape, and being light weight, prestressed space structures are commonly used in large public buildings [1]. In recent years, they have mostly been used in sports stadiums in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Discrimination Method Based on Digital Twins for Analyzing Sensitivity of Mechanical Parameters of Prestressed Cables

et al. 2021

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The information collected on large-span prestressed cables by field sensors is susceptible to interference, which leads to inaccurate collection of structural and mechanical parameters of large-span prestressed cables, resulting in misjudgment of structural safety performance. This paper proposes an intelligent judgment method for improving the sensitivity of analyzing mechanical parameters of prestressed cables based on digital twins (DTs). The safety performance of the structure was evaluated by analyzing the mechanical parameters. First, the information during prestressed cable tensioning is dynamically sensed, thereby establishing a multidimensional model of structural analysis. The virtual model is processed by the model modification rule to improve the robustness of the simulation; thus, a DT framework for the sensitivity judgment of the mechanical parameters of the cable is built. In the twin model, the simulation data of the real structure were extracted. Probabilistic analysis was performed using the Dempster–Shafer(D–S) evidence theory to discriminate the sensitivity of mechanical parameters of each cable node under the action of external forces with high accuracy and intelligence. Sensitivity analysis provides a reliable basis for the safety performance assessment of structures. Taking the wheel–spoke-type cable truss as an example, the application of DTs and D–S evidence theory to the sensitivity determination of cable mechanical parameters under temperature fully verified that the proposed intelligent method can effectively evaluate the safety performance of the actual structure.

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Fire Performance of Structural Cables: Current Understanding, Knowledge Gaps, and Proposed Research Agenda

Cited by 20 publications

References 29 publications

Influence of Temperature on the Mechanical Performance of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Straps

Influence of Temperature on the Mechanical Performance of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Straps

Theoretical analysis and design of fire protection and thermal insulation of parallel wire or strand cables

Intelligent Discrimination Method Based on Digital Twins for Analyzing Sensitivity of Mechanical Parameters of Prestressed Cables

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