Fire Performance Standards for Buildings

Marchant, E.W.

doi:10.1520/stp35288s

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Fires can occur in big box retail facilities at any time and from a number of causes. Potential sources of ignition include defects in the electrical installation such as overloads, heating from bunched cables and damaged cables; faulty or misused electrical equipment such as refrigeration/defrost systems and fork‐lift charging units; static charge from mechanical equipment; frictional generated heat from mechanical equipment; light fittings and lighting equipment such as halogen lamps, display lighting or overhead lights set too close to stored commodities (CLG, 2006); spread of fire from other sections of the retail facility or from adjacent buildings; and the likelihood of purposeful ignition (Marchant, 1972).…”

Section: Fires In Big Box Retail Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The utilization of fork‐lifts in mega stores for material handling has changed the techniques of storage and increased the possible height of stacking goods (Marchant, 1972). Nowadays, as typical mega stores have ceiling heights that could be high as 12m (Schultz, 2006), this design configuration provides for two significant fire safety challenges.…”

Section: Fire Protection Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Butcher and Parnell (1983) indicate that the fire load in a building is defined as the total calorific value per unit floor area of the combustible content of a room or a building. Since the amount of fire load in a building will definitely depend on the scale of the building, Marchant (1972) argues that due to their high ceilings, the fire load per unit of floor in big box retail facilities could be three times as great as that of occupancies with conventional ceiling heights.…”

Section: Fire Protection Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gluckman (2007) indicates that the width of aisles in warehouse facilities is determined by the horizontal distance between the faces of the storage in racks, with the typical width of aisles ranging between 1.2 to 2.4 meters. Marchant (1972) indicated that a firefighters' access could be hindered by dense smoke and the probable falling of stock into narrow aisles, hence obstructing retreat from the fire source.…”

Section: Challenges Of Evacuation and Rescue In Mega Store Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preventive measures for mitigating fire risks in big box retail facilities

Hassanain

2010

Structural Survey

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to investigate a set of preventive measures required for mitigating fire risks in big box retail facilities. Design/methodology/approach -The paper identifies the potential sources of ignition and fuel in big box retail facilities. It describes the variety of hazardous situations commonly found in such facilities worldwide. The paper then endeavors to discuss the series of fire protection challenges that could be faced during fire emergencies. It also explores the challenges of evacuation and rescue in such mega store facilities. Findings -Mega stores, distribution centers and large retail stores are amongst the most challenging occupancies from a fire protection perspective. Fires can occur in big box retail facilities at any time and from a number of causes. These facilities represent a type of occupancy that poses considerable challenges to both fixed fire suppression systems and fire departments in cases of fire emergencies. The paper also describes the responsibilities of building management staff towards their employees and the public. Facility managers should always seek proactive measures to reduce the risk of fire and fire spread in big box retail facilities. These measure include providing sufficient number and capacity of exits; clear exit access; efficient smoke detection systems; voice communication systems; and efficient automatic sprinkler systems. Quality/value -This paper serves to increase the awareness about fire and its effects in mega store facilities. The paper provides practical value to property directors and facility managers responsible for the daily operations of mega store facilities and for surveyors inspecting such properties.

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Section: Fires In Big Box Retail Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fire Protection Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fire Protection Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges Of Evacuation and Rescue In Mega Store Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preventive measures for mitigating fire risks in big box retail facilities

Hassanain

2010

Structural Survey

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“…When designing escape routes or assessing their efficiency the following requirements (Marchant, 1972; Kurki, 2002; Bryan, 1982) should be considered:a sufficient number of exits of adequate capacity property located with convenient access;protection of exits against fire and smoke during the length time they may be in use;alternative exits for use in case one exit is blocked by fire;adequate lighting of exits and path of access;exits should lead to outside to the ground level or to some other safe places in case of a fire;all escape routes should be free from obstructions;all final exits should be unlocked when the building is in use;doors on escape routes should be opened in the direction of travel; anda plan should be posted on each floor to illustrate escape routes and exits.…”

Section: Basic Requirements Of Egress and Evacuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach to assess fire safety requirements in library facilities

Hassanain

Ashwal²

2005

Facilities

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Purpose -The objectives of this paper are to review current legislation and guidelines on fire safety in library facilities, and to present the finding of a case study to assess the provision of these requirements in the main library of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Design/methodology/approach -The authors have analyzed published literature and identified characteristics of combustible information media in libraries, causes of fire in library facilities, basic requirements of fire detection systems, basic requirements of fire suppression systems, and basic requirements of egress and evacuation. The authors then carried out an investigation to assess the provision of these requirements in the main library of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Findings -The findings from the case study conducted in the paper indicated that although the main library at KFUPM was found to have sufficient fire detection system, fire suppression system, and provision of the basic requirements of egress and evacuation, there are some recommendations for improving the status of fire safety. These recommendations are summarized as follows: a floor plan should be posted on each floor to illustrate the locations of evacuation routes, exits, and other fire safety devices; signs should be installed in the third and the fourth floor to guide students to evacuation exits; and furniture should be removed from the area in front of the stairway in the third floor. Originality/value -Fires are one of the main causes of life and property loss in cultural buildings. The high fire load of libraries makes them particularly susceptible to the spread of fire. The paper provides a systematic approach to the assessment of the provision of fire safety requirements in existing library facilities. The paper also provides insights to facility managers responsible for day-to-day operations of library and/or archival facilities.

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Study of Relationships between Ceiling Smoke Leakage Rate and Evacuation Time in the Ward

Liu

Lin

Chuang

2021

IJERPH

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With reference to the requirements of CNS 15038 and testing principles, this study proposes a set of equipment for measuring the leakage volume of ceilings and provides detailed assembly specifications for future users. In this study, a total of 405 tests were conducted as part of a set of experiments for measuring the leakage volume of ceilings, using various ceiling materials, ceiling sizes, and construction methods, in conjunction with the principles of fluid mechanics, to propose a method for evaluating the leakage volume of ceilings of various sizes and materials. Two cases—bottom-up airflow and top-down airflow—were considered. According to our research findings, in the case of bottom-up airflow, the pressure difference, panel weight, and panel size were correlated with the leakage volume; the more significant the pressure difference, the larger the leakage volume; the heavier the panel weight, the more minor the leakage volume; and the larger the panel size, the more significant the leakage volume. On the other hand, in the case of top-down airflow, different leakage volumes were observed for different ceiling materials, even if the ceiling size was identical. On the other hand, when the ceiling material was the same, and the ceiling size was different, there was not a positive relationship between the leakage volume and a larger panel size; instead, the leakage volume observed for the largest panel was the smallest. Finally, in this study we propose a volumetric leakage assessment table for assessing a ceiling as a whole, which can be utilized by engineers in the future to calculate the smoke leakage value and to estimate the smoke fall time for ward escape designs.

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Fire Performance Standards for Buildings

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Preventive measures for mitigating fire risks in big box retail facilities

Preventive measures for mitigating fire risks in big box retail facilities

An approach to assess fire safety requirements in library facilities

Study of Relationships between Ceiling Smoke Leakage Rate and Evacuation Time in the Ward

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