Fire Properties of Pinus densiflora Utilizing Fire-retardant Chemicals based on Borated and Phosphorus (I) – Combustion Characteristics

Seo, Hyun Jeong; Hwang, Wuk; Lee, Min Chul

doi:10.15376/biores.12.3.5417-5427

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Figure 1 shows two types of untreated and FRC-treated specimens (Fire retardant treated wood by pressure-treatment; FRTW-pressure specimens). In the previous study (Seo et al 2017), it was concluded that pressurizing FRCs was more effective in improving the fire retardant performance of wood. Therefore, in this paper, the experiment was conducted to compare FRTW-pressure and untreated test specimens.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The test specimens were reduced to 2 mm to 4 mm in size after the cone calorimeter test. The chemical compositions of the FRCs were the same as the previously conducted study (Seo et al 2017). Table 1 shows the composition of the fire retardant chemicals (FRCs) used in this study and the formula of the ingredient.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the use of halogen-based fire retardants is not yet regulated in Korea, studies of halogen-free fire retardants have been conducted (Jang and Choi 2009;Chung and Jin 2010;Lim et al 2011). In this study, fire-retardant chemical composites (FRCs), including boron-and phosphorusbased chemicals, were developed by mixing using a water-based solvent (Seo et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the FRCs was developed by mixing using a water-based solvent as done in prior research (Seo et al 2017). The FRCs is composed of boric acid, borax, diammonium phosphate, and carbonite-based chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Properties of Pinus densiflora Utilizing Fire-retardant Chemicals Based on Borate and Phosphorus (II) – Thermal and Gas Emission Characteristics

Seo¹,

Kim²,

Jo³

et al. 2017

BioResources

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The pyrolysis characteristics of untreated pine and fire retardant-treated pine (Pinus densiflora) were measured by using thermogravimetric analysis according to the ASTM E1131-08 (2012) regulation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor changes in chemical groups of fire-retardant treated specimens before and after the combustion test. In addition, the microstructures of the untreated specimen and the fire-retardant treated specimen after cone calorimeter testing were determined by scanning electron microscopy. Combustion gas toxicity was evaluated according to the test method described in Naval Engineering Standard 713 (1990). The emitted combustion gases of all specimens were carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOX), and acrylonitrile. The thermal decomposition rate was reduced by about one-third that of the fire-retardant treated specimen compared to the reduction rate of the untreated specimen. These results are useful for guiding the safe utilization of fire retardant-treated wood and wood-based materials for building applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fire Properties of Pinus densiflora Utilizing Fire-retardant Chemicals Based on Borate and Phosphorus (II) – Thermal and Gas Emission Characteristics

Seo¹,

Kim²,

Jo³

et al. 2017

BioResources

Self Cite

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“…(1)에 의해 산정된   는 시료의 독성지수 산출 계산식 에 적용된다. (Seo et al, 2017;Liang and Ho, 2007;Lowden and Hull, 2013 (Cho et al, 2012;Boningari and Smirniotis, 2016;Huang et al, 2017)이므로 화재 위험성 평가 시 고려가 필요한 부분으로 사료된다.…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

A Study on the Human Toxicity of Combustion Products for Non Class 1E Cables

Seo¹,

Kim²,

Jo³

et al. 2018

J. Korean Soc. Hazard Mitig

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The present study has been conducted to investigated the gas toxicity of two kinds of non class 1E cable jackets and insulations (produced by A company and B company) according to Naval Engineering Standard (NES) 713. From the NES 713 standard, CO2, CO, NOX, HCHO, HCl, HBr, and HCN were detected for both types of cable jacket and insulation materials, and the toxicity index was calculated according to the standard code of US Department of Defense (MIL-DTL). The toxicity factors were obtained as 5.08 for the cable jacket of A company, 4.78 for cable insulation of A company, 4.85 for the cable jacket of B company, and 4.01 for the cable insulation of B company. These results can be used as basic data to increase the necessity of establishment of the regulation standards to evaluate the human hazardousness of non class 1E cables.

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Eco‐friendly flame‐retardant based on sap from banana plant pseudostems

de Lima,

de Souza Ventapane,

da Silva Ribeiro

et al. 2024

Fire and Materials

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Society's need for safe flame‐retardant technologies in passive fire protection is undeniable. To address this concern, this paper presents an experimental investigation of the fire‐retardant properties of slash pine wood treated with banana plant pseudostem sap, obtained from a cultivated banana plant variety widely grown in Brazil. The natural sap extract was characterized through X‐Ray Fluorescence spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy techniques, revealing the presence of key components, including water, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium silicate, calcium phosphate, sodium phosphate, lignin and tannins. The authors explored different treatment parameters, including various sap impregnation times, number of impregnations and use of natural versus various levels of concentrated sap. First, a horizontal burning test, similar test to UL 94 HB, was used to obtain an initial assessment of the suitability of sap as a flame retardant for slash pine wood. Subsequently, the Mass Loss Calorimeter equipment with thermopile attachment described in ISO 13927:2015 was used to measure various heat release rate parameters. The findings suggest that reducing the water content in sap and increasing the number of repeat treatments results in a more effective treatment for slash pine wood. More specifically, the results indicate that the most efficient treatment involves three impregnations with high‐concentration (1/10 volume reduction) sap. Future work to improve the efficacy of the concentrated sap impregnation process could explore the use of pressure treatment instead of soaking.

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Fire Properties of Pinus densiflora Utilizing Fire-retardant Chemicals based on Borated and Phosphorus (I) – Combustion Characteristics

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Fire Properties of Pinus densiflora Utilizing Fire-retardant Chemicals Based on Borate and Phosphorus (II) – Thermal and Gas Emission Characteristics

Fire Properties of Pinus densiflora Utilizing Fire-retardant Chemicals Based on Borate and Phosphorus (II) – Thermal and Gas Emission Characteristics

A Study on the Human Toxicity of Combustion Products for Non Class 1E Cables

Eco‐friendly flame‐retardant based on sap from banana plant pseudostems

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