Fire Research At Nbs: The First 75 Years

Gross, Daniel

doi:10.3801/iafss.fss.3-119

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Funding grew after that time, and fire-focused sections were established within NIST. NIST's overall fire research effort was housed within the Building Research Division until major changes were implemented by the Fire Research and Safety Act of 1968 (Gross, 1991;Wright, 2003). This act expanded fire research, education, and training programs at NIST and also established the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control.…”

Section: National Institute Of Standards and Technology Fire Research...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Indeed, NIST had proactively established a separate Office of Fire Programs in 1972 in anticipation of requests that would stem from the commission's report (Gross, 1991). 7 The Fire Research Division first appeared in 1981 following NIST organizational changes, although it was one of several divisions within the Center for Fire Research at the time (Wright, 2003).…”

Section: National Institute Of Standards and Technology Fire Research...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fire data from these mobile homes over the next few years showed remarkable benefits from the smoke alarms' installation: while the number of fires was no different from expected fire rates for mobile homes without smoke alarms, the number of deaths and injuries from these fires was far lower than expected rates, indicating that smoke alarms provide valuable warning time that allows occupants to safely escape. These results led the mobile home manufacturing industry to begin including smoke alarms in all mobile homes, which represented the first systematic policy of installing smoke alarms in homes (Gross, 1991;Bukowski, 2001;Wright, 2003).…”

Section: Research and Activities That Supported Development Of Standa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first edition of this standard was introduced in 1974 (Bukowski, 2001). The introduction of this standard and the growing adoption of ordinances requiring smoke alarms led smoke alarm production to increase from 50,000 units nationwide in 1971 to 12-14 million units in 1977 (Gross, 1991). Some of the most influential NIST research was informally known as the Indiana Dunes Tests (Bukowski et al, 1975;Harpe, Waterman, and Christian, 1977).…”

Section: Research and Activities That Supported Development Of Standa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the historical information in this paragraph and the subsequent paragraph comes fromGross (1991).5 The Fabric Flammability Section at NIST was responsible for supporting the Flammable Fabrics Act of 1953, until the 1972 Consumer Products Safety Act transferred this responsibility to the newly created Consumer Products Safety Commission.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The National Institute of Standards and Technology's Impact on Fire Safety Standards

Miller¹,

LaTourrette²,

Warren³

et al. 2022

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Standards provide critical benefits across a wide variety of contexts, including safety and health, environmental protection, and quality of products and services. However, while these benefits are generally acknowledged, estimating the social and economic value of standards and determining how specific entities and activities influence their development require careful analysis. In October of 2018, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) asked the RAND Corporation to estimate the benefit of NIST's research contributing to particular fire safety standards. The original objectives of the project were to (1) document the role of the NIST in the standards development process, (2) estimate the value these standards provide to society, and (3) thereby inform the economic value of NIST's contribution to these standards. This report presents results for the first two objectives. Given that NIST's contribution is one of several inputs combining to create these standards, NIST's share of the credit for their value could not be quantified. Our analysis focused on case studies in standards for home smoke alarms and for protecting structures at the wildland-urban interface (WUI). Our analysis draws on a wide variety of qualitative and quantitative methods to holistically describe the impacts of these standards and NIST's role in their development.The intended audience of this report includes those who work on fire safety research, fire safety standards, building codes, and technology transfer. The conclusions presented here may also be of interest for broader resource allocation and federal budget justification purposes. Finally, this report was written to be accessible to any interested members of the general public. Community Health and Environmental Policy ProgramRAND Social and Economic Well-Being is a division of the RAND Corporation that seeks to actively improve the health and social and economic well-being of populations and communities throughout the world. This research was conducted in the Community Health and Environmental Policy Program within RAND Social and Economic Well-Being. The program focuses on such topics as infrastructure, science and technology, community design, community health promotion, migration and population dynamics, transportation, energy, and climate and the environment, as well as other policy concerns that are influenced by the natural and built environment, technology, and community organizations and institutions that affect well-being. For more information, email

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Section: National Institute Of Standards and Technology Fire Research...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: National Institute Of Standards and Technology Fire Research...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research and Activities That Supported Development Of Standa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research and Activities That Supported Development Of Standa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The National Institute of Standards and Technology's Impact on Fire Safety Standards

Miller¹,

LaTourrette²,

Warren³

et al. 2022

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Understanding fire and smoke flow through modeling and visualization

Forney¹,

Madrzykowski²,

McGrattan³

et al. 2003

IEEE Comput. Grap. Appl.

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The Early History of the Cone Calorimeter

Babrauskas

2022

Fire Science and Technology

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The Cone Calorimeter-ISO 5660 and ASTM E1354-has been the primary benchscale test for measuring the heat release rate for fires ever since the early 1990s.The technical details of how to construct and operate the instrument has been well documented in the standards, in reports, and in published papers. But the background for its development had not been earlier published. Because the Cone Calorimeter represented a ground-breaking, new approach to heat release studies, the present paper describes some of the historical context and laboratory developments which led to the invention of the calorimeter.

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Fire Research At Nbs: The First 75 Years

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

The National Institute of Standards and Technology's Impact on Fire Safety Standards

The National Institute of Standards and Technology's Impact on Fire Safety Standards

Understanding fire and smoke flow through modeling and visualization

The Early History of the Cone Calorimeter

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