Fire resistance of carbon-based composite materials under both ideal and realistic normative configurations

Grange, N.; Manescau, Brady; Chetehouna, Khaled; Gascoin, Nicolas; Lamoot, L.; Coppalle, A.; Senave, S.; Reynaud, Isabelle

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.113834

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…6). Generally, wood is prone to be burnt when exposed to ame but conversely carbon bers exist superior resistance against the re (Grange et al, 2019). Therefore, as indoor products like furniture items are at a big risk of re-related burning, hence the use of carbon ber along with lignocellulosic materials would not only enhance the increased sustainability but also improve the mechanical properties and re resistance as well (Bartlett, Hadden, & Bisby, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardant hybrid composites manufacturing through reinforcing lignocellulosic and carbon fibers reinforced with epoxy resin (F@LC)

Hasan

Horváth

Bak

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Novel flame retardant hybrid composites were developed from lignocellulosic and carbon fibers reinforced with epoxy resin using hot pressing technology. The size of the lignocellulosic fibers was within 0.045 to 0.8 mm and carbon fibers within mm 5 to 8 mm. Thickness of the boards were 10 mm and nominal density 730 kg/m3 whereas the dimensions were 400 mm × 400 mm. The developed panels were undergone for internal bonding strength and flexural properties to investigate the mechanical performances. Furthermore, SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) test was conducted to examine the morphologies of the products before and after fracture and found the significant presence of both types of fiber in the composite system. The EDX (Energy disruptive X-ray) analysis also displayed the chemical elements present in the developed products. Moreover, The FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) study shown a strong chemical interactions among the lignocellulosic and carbon fibers with the thermosetting epoxy polymers. The flame retardancy tests of the composite materials also shown significant thermal stability especially after loading carbon fibers in the composite system. Moreover, significant dimensional stability also noticed which was showing an improving trend with the increase of carbon fibers as the reinforcement. Overall, the composite materials developed from lignocellulosic and carbon fibers with epoxy resin is showing a novel route to the composite community with high mechanical performance and significant flame retardancy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardant hybrid composites manufacturing through reinforcing lignocellulosic and carbon fibers reinforced with epoxy resin (F@LC)

Hasan

Horváth

Bak

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Fibre glass-reinforced composites are largely to fabricate most boats. However, when they are exposed to fire, they rapidly ignite, and the source of ignition is usually from fuel leakage or electrical problems [91][92][93][94].…”

Section: Post-fire Accidents and Safety Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ku et al [92] examined the thermal degradation and flame retardancy of epoxy (EP) composites containing micro-crystalline cellulose whiskers (MCW) and micro-encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MFAPP).…”

Section: Small Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Thermal Degradation and Fire Behaviour of Polymer Composites and Their Gaseous Emission Assessment

et al. 2021

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The use of polymer composite materials in the aeronautics and automotive sectors has increased dramatically, and their fire behaviour has become a critical parameter in terms of fire safety. On this premise, it is critical to demonstrate that these composite materials constitute elements whose safety justifies a high level of confidence. This is based on their combustibility and the rate at which flammable and toxic gaseous species are emitted. Thus, strict fire safety regulations are enforced by the relevant authorities concerned because of their potential fire risk. This study analysed papers published between 1970 and 2021 that described the devices used to characterise the thermal behaviour of composite materials at various scales. The objective was to highlight the thermophysical phenomena, making it possible to accurately assess the flammability and thermal stability of polymer composite materials. The results of this research reveal that the small-scale facilities provide detailed understanding and mastery of the thermal reaction properties of the composites. While with the medium scale, the extended fire reaction parameters, which are the key indicators of the fire safety performance, can be determined. On a large scale, the tests were carried out using devices such as the NexGen burner recommended by the FAA. Therefore, with such assays, it is possible to assess the rates of thermal degradation as well as quantified pyrolysis gases. However, compared to other scales, there were very few works on a large scale. In addition, by focusing on the polluting nature of synthetic composite materials, there is also few research studies aimed at designing new polymer composite materials from biological sources.

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“…4,5 However, there are some disadvantages as well which affect the growth of composites in some markets out of which the major disadvantage of many composite materials is poor performance in fire. 6 In order to improve the fire resistance of a composite, sandwich panels are preferred over single-skin laminates. 7 The sandwich materials used in aircraft and helicopters often consist of thin carbon/epoxy or glass/ phenolic face skins with Nomex V R (flame and heatresistant meta-aramid fiber developed by DuPont) or aluminum honeycomb core.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition of multilayer honeycomb core laminate sandwich composite panels in cone calorimeter apparatus – Effect of the top decomposed layer

Najmi

Luche

Rogaume

2021

Journal of Composite Materials

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Multilayer composite materials are frequently used in aircraft interiors. Even though they have high properties (such as physical, chemical and mechanical properties), their application is limited due to lack of knowledge of their decomposition process and on the interaction between different layers in fire. In the present work, two types of composites with 3 and 4 layers are studied. The fire characterization of multilayer composite is studied in 3 different phases using ISO-5660 cone calorimeter at two heat fluxes (35 and 50 kW.m−2). Phase-I mainly concentrates on the decomposition of single layer materials (paint, laminate and honeycomb) while in phase-II and phase-III, different assemblies are formed using a single layer material and studied in the same experimental configuration. In all the three phases, back surface temperatures of the materials or assemblies are measured and analyzed with different gas productions which allow to understand the dynamics of the decomposition process. The finding from the cone calorimeter study suggests that the ignition primarily depends on the top layer behavior of the composite. The permeability analysis on the top layer of the composite confirms that decomposed layer of paint offers more resistance to the volatile gases escaping from the composite. At the end of the study, thermal conductivity is determined and the ignition temperature of both the composite is determined.

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Fire resistance of carbon-based composite materials under both ideal and realistic normative configurations

Cited by 23 publications

References 33 publications

Flame retardant hybrid composites manufacturing through reinforcing lignocellulosic and carbon fibers reinforced with epoxy resin (F@LC)

Flame retardant hybrid composites manufacturing through reinforcing lignocellulosic and carbon fibers reinforced with epoxy resin (F@LC)

A Study of Thermal Degradation and Fire Behaviour of Polymer Composites and Their Gaseous Emission Assessment

Thermal decomposition of multilayer honeycomb core laminate sandwich composite panels in cone calorimeter apparatus – Effect of the top decomposed layer

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