Fire Retardant Performance and Thermal Degradation of Korean Pine Treated with Fire Retardant Chemical

Park, Hee-Jun; Wen, Ming; Cheon, Sang Hun; Kang, Chun‐Won; Matsumura, Junji

doi:10.5109/1526301

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The total heat release (Qt) was shown to be 0.21 MJ on average, which indicated excellent performance corresponding to about 30% of the upper threshold of 0.70 MJ presented by the IMO, and the peak heat release rate (Qp) was shown to be 0.66 kW on average, which was about 17% of the upper threshold of 4.0 kW given by the IMO, indicating excellent flame-retardant performance. The results of a previous study reported the evaluation of the flame-retardant performance of Korean pine wall panels treated with the same flame-retardant resin as that used in this study by vacuum pressure impregnation according to the test method under ISO 5660-1, and the total heat release (THR) values were shown to be 6.24 MJ/㎡ and 4.18 MJ/㎡, which were below the upper threshold of 8.0 MJ/㎡ for acceptance and satisfied the flame-retardant performance standard [14].…”

Section: Flammabilitymentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Wood and wood-based materials are sometimes restricted in use because they are vulnerable to fire, and it is determined that consideration of fatal toxic gas generation upon combustion, which is a more serious problem, and the resultant harm to humans were insufficient. Various studies to lessen the vulnerability of wood and wood-based materials to combustion have been conducted worldwide [1, 14,15,16] and currently, flame-retardant wood that does not burn has also been developed and produced. Therefore, it was determined that studies on the types and amounts of the toxic gases generated when flame-retardant wood is combusted should be conducted, so that the evaluation and perception of wood and wood-based materials that are safer and can reduce harm to humans can be changed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of Toxic Gas Generation, Smoke Generation, and Flammability in Flame-Retardant Plywood Combustion Tests

PARK¹,

JO²

2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Flammability was evaluated and the results showed the values of critical flux at extinguishment (CFE) as 49.5kW/㎡ on average, total heat release (Qt) as 0.21MJ on average, and peak heat release rate (Qp) as 0.66kW on average, which satisfied all of the thresholds presented by the IMO. Therefore, flame-retardant plywood, of which the flame-retardant performance was evaluated, was determined to be an applicable finishing material that satisfies fire safety standards.

show abstract

Section: Flammabilitymentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Toxic Gas Generation, Smoke Generation, and Flammability in Flame-Retardant Plywood Combustion Tests

PARK¹,

JO²

2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The average of the total heat release (Qt) was 0.21 MJ, which indicated excellent performance corresponding to about 30% of the upper threshold of 0.70 MJ presented by the IMO, and the peak heat release rate (Qp) was determined to be 0.66 kW on average, which was about 17% of the upper threshold of 4.00 kW given by the IMO, indicative of excellent flame-retardant performance. A previous study evaluated the flame-retardant performance of Korean pine as wall panels according to the test method under ISO 5660-1 [ 14 ]. The Korean pine was also subjected to the vacuum pressure impregnation of the same flame-retardant resin as that in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More seriously, fatal toxic gases are generated upon their combustion and pose threats to human health, which needs more consideration. Many efforts are made in research to lessen the vulnerability of wood and wood-based materials to combustion [ 1 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], and numerous valuable results have been achieved so far, including flame-retardant wood that does not burn at all. On this basis, it is necessary to study the types and amounts of the toxic gases generated when flame-retardant wood is combusted for a better understanding of wood and wood-based materials that are safer and can reduce harm to humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Gas and Smoke Generation and Flammability of Flame-Retardant Plywood

Park,

Jian,

Wen

et al. 2024

Polymers

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Limited by flammability, wood and wood-based materials face challenges in distinguishing themselves as structural materials or finishing materials. Once burning, they can produce toxic gases detrimental to humans and the environment. Therefore, it is critical to make clear whether fire-retardant wood construction materials are insusceptible to fire and not the sources of toxic gases. This study aimed to evaluate flame-retardant plywood from the aspects of flammability and the toxic gas and smoke generation during combustion. The flame-retardant plywood was manufactured by impregnating a flame-retardant resin in line with International Maritime Organization (IMO) standards. The research results indicate that seven out of the eight kinds of toxic gases listed by the IMO, other than CO, were not detected during the combustion of the flame-retardant plywood. While CO was detected, its quantities under three test conditions are below the corresponding thresholds. Therefore, unlike synthetic resin products, flame-retardant plywood is a promising finishing material that can reduce the damage from toxic gases in the event of a fire. In the smoke generation tests, the mass reduction rate of flame-retardant plywood increased from 13% to 18% and then to 20% as the test condition became more severe. Under the same circumstances, the average maximum specific optical density also followed an upward trend, whose values (75.70, 81.00, and 191.20), however, still met the IMO standard of below 200. This reflects that the flame-retardant plywood is competent as a finishing material. Further, flammability was evaluated, and the critical flux at extinguishment (CFE), total heat release (Qt), and peak heat release rate (Qp) were determined to be 49.5 kW/m2, 0.21 MJ, and 0.66 kW, respectively, which all did not reach the corresponding thresholds given by the IMO. To sum up, flame-retardant plywood has satisfactory flame-retardant performance and meets fire safety standards, showing the potential to be an attractive finishing material for building and construction.

show abstract

“…At present, to improve fire retardancy, wood can be chemically modified with the impregnation of flame retardants (Seo et al 2018). Compounds containing boron, phosphorus, bromine, chlorine, nitrogen, or a combination of two or more of these elements have reportedly improved the thermal stability of wood (Lu et al 2015;Park et al 2015;Elvira-León et al 2016;Jebrane et al 2018). Slight improvements have been observed with these treatments because the synergistic effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, and boron promotes char formation (Lowden et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of combined aluminum-silicon synergistic impregnation and heat treatment on the thermal stability, chemical components, and morphology of wood

Liu

Wang

Qian

et al. 2018

BioRes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wood is flammable and consumes a lot of energy during processing. To improve this material, wood was pretreated via aluminum sulfate–sodium silicate synergistic impregnation combined with heat treatment. The wood before and after pretreatment was analyzed through the solids weight changes, thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analyses, somke density, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the combined treatment could reduce the energy consumption of the heat treatment by catalyzed thermal degradation with aluminum-silicon synergistic impregnation. This procedure improved the thermal stability of the wood. Meanwhile, the combined treatment resolved the problem of increased smoke release caused by the impregnation of aluminum sulfate–sodium silicate modification reagents.

show abstract

Fire Retardant Performance and Thermal Degradation of Korean Pine Treated with Fire Retardant Chemical

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of Toxic Gas Generation, Smoke Generation, and Flammability in Flame-Retardant Plywood Combustion Tests

Evaluation of Toxic Gas Generation, Smoke Generation, and Flammability in Flame-Retardant Plywood Combustion Tests

Toxic Gas and Smoke Generation and Flammability of Flame-Retardant Plywood

Effect of combined aluminum-silicon synergistic impregnation and heat treatment on the thermal stability, chemical components, and morphology of wood

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About