Fire safety enhancement of a highly efficient flame retardant poly(phenylphosphoryl phenylenediamine) in biodegradable poly(lactic acid)

Wu, Ningjing; Fu, Guoliang; Yang, Yue; Xia, Mingfeng; Yun, Han; Wang, Qingguo

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.090

Cited by 81 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The FTIR spectra of materials are presented in Figure 3b and their wavelength ranges including 3380 cm −1 , between 1500 and 1600 cm −1 , between 1000 and 1200 cm −1 , 790 cm −1 and 670 cm −1 . The 3380 cm −1 absorption band is responding to stretching vibration of N-H (νN-H) [27][28][29][30]. The characterized absorption peaks are observed in all samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Montmorillonite-Synergized Water-Based Intumescent Flame Retardant Coating for Plywood

Sun

Zhu

et al. 2020

Coatings

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In this study, montmorillonite (MMT) was used as an inorganic synergist to prepare the water-based intumescent flame retardant (IFR) ornamental coating for plywood. Results indicate that the 7 wt.% MMT modified IFR coating (No. 3) possess the best fire resistance (longer than 20 min) of the tested samples according to the fire performance, which significantly declines the specific extinction area by 44.12 m2·kg−1 compared to the coating without MMT by cone calorimeter. In addition, characterizations such as XPS, XRD, TG, SEM and FTIR were characterized to investigate the surface and bulk properties as well as the morphology of MMT synergized water-based IFR coating. It is revealed that the residual nitrogenous polyaromatic structure and 25.5% residual mass in the No. 3 coating are a result of the effect of MMT on the antioxidation properties of the char layer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Montmorillonite-Synergized Water-Based Intumescent Flame Retardant Coating for Plywood

Sun

Zhu

et al. 2020

Coatings

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“…The chemical structure of PPSO was confirmed by FTIR, 29 Si NMR, and 31 P NMR, respectively. Figure 1 shows the FTIR spectra of PPDC, DHSO, and PPSO.…”

Section: Structural Characterization Of Ppsomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples were mixed with KBr pellets and scanned 32 times over a spectral range of 4000-400 cm −1 with a resolution of 4 cm −1 . 29 Si NMR and 31 P NMR spectra were conducted on a Bruker AV II-400 MHz (Brook, Austria) at room temperature using CDCl 3 as the solvent. Gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) was performed on a Waters Breeze GPC (Massachusetts, USA).…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-Step Synthesis of Highly Efficient Oligo(phenylphosphonic Dihydroxypropyl Silicone Oil) Flame Retardant for Polycarbonate

Qiao¹,

Wang²,

Zou³

et al. 2019

Polymers

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A highly efficient flame retardant and smoke suppression oligomer, oligo(phenylphosphonic dihydroxypropyl silicone oil) (PPSO), was synthesized by a one-step reaction. The chemical structure of PPSO was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance ( 31 P NMR), and 29 Si nuclear magnetic resonance ( 29 Si NMR). The flame-retardant effect of PPSO on the polycarbonate (PC) matrix was investigated by limiting oxygen index, UL-94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimetry, respectively. The results showed that PC/PPSO composites passed UL-94 V-0 rate testing with only 1.3 wt. % PPSO. Furthermore, the incorporation of PPSO can suppress the release of smoke. The flame-retardant mechanism was also investigated via thermogravimetric analysis-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), field-emission scanning electronic microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. From the result of pyrolysis gas and char residue, PPSO played a synergistic flame-retardant mechanism including the gas phase and the condensed phase.Polymers 2019, 11, 1977 2 of 12 and it was used together with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to fabricate a flame-retardant system for epoxy resins (EP) [20]. When 3% PSiN and 7% DOPO were incorporated, the LOI value of EP was found to be 34% and the UL-94 test was found to be class V-0. The microstructures observed by scanning electron microscopy and FTIR indicated that the surface of the char for the EP/DOPO/PSiN system holds a more cohesive and dense char structure when compared to the pure EP and EP/DOPO systems. Many works have been performed on the compounds containing two or more flame-retardant elements including phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur, and boron [21][22][23][24][25]. However, few studies have reported on flame retardants containing both phosphorus and silicon, and the weight ratios of the flame retardants were too high [26,27]. For example, Yang group designed a novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane containing 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO-POSS) and incorporated it into the PC matrix, and the PC/DOPO-POSS composites passed UL-94 V-0 rate testing, but the weight ratio (6 wt. %) of the flame retardant was relative high [26]. Recently, a polymer flame retardant named HSPCTP has been prepared by our group and incorporated into the PC matrix, and the PC/HSPCTP composites passed UL-94 V-0 rating testing with only 3 wt. % HSPCTP [13]. This excellent property resulted from the synergistic effect of a gas phase flame retardant and condensed phase flame. These results suggest that phosphorus and silicon are a good combination to prepare a flame retardant. But the synthesis of this flame retardant is complicated. Therefore, it is worth preparing a high efficient flame retardant with a simple method.In this study, a novel oligomer flame retardant containing phosphorus and silicon was synthesized by a one-step reaction and then blended with PC. Combining the advantages of ph...

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“…At present, phosphaphenanthrene derivatives compounds took over a vital position in phosphorus‐based flame retardant in virtue of its high reactivity, high thermal stability, and smoke suppression efficiency . Despite enormous energy has been dedicated to improve the flame‐retardant efficiency of phosphaphenanthrene derivatives, concerted researches on further developing more efficient methods and structures should extremely enhance the fire safety of the polymer matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly effective flame‐retarded polyester diol with synergistic effects for waterborne polyurethane application

Wang

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this article, a novel bi-reactive flame retardant (FRD) was successfully synthesized for waterborne polyurethane (WPU). The chemical structures of FRD were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra and 1 H and 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance. Then, the FRD was incorporated into polyurethane backbone to prepare a series of flame-retarded WPU (FRWPU). The flammability characteristics of FRWPU were measured by limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, and cone calorimeter (CCT) tests. The FRPWU-7 had a high LOI value of 30.5% with UL94 V-0 rating. Moreover, the CCT values indicated that FRD induced the gaseous phase quenching effect of phosphoruscontaining free radicals derived from the decomposed phosphaphenanthrene group on the gas-phase flame retardancy. Scanning electron micrographs and Raman spectra exhibited that FRD promoted the charring formation of phosphorus-rich char layer with graphitized surface and honeycomb-like intumescent structure in WPU matrix during burning. This study provides a new way to design a novel reactive P-P flame retardant consisted of the phosphaphenanthrene group and intumescent flame retardant for WPU application.

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Fire safety enhancement of a highly efficient flame retardant poly(phenylphosphoryl phenylenediamine) in biodegradable poly(lactic acid)

Cited by 81 publications

References 26 publications

Montmorillonite-Synergized Water-Based Intumescent Flame Retardant Coating for Plywood

Montmorillonite-Synergized Water-Based Intumescent Flame Retardant Coating for Plywood

One-Step Synthesis of Highly Efficient Oligo(phenylphosphonic Dihydroxypropyl Silicone Oil) Flame Retardant for Polycarbonate

Highly effective flame‐retarded polyester diol with synergistic effects for waterborne polyurethane application

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