Firearm Ownership and Domestic Versus Nondomestic Homicide in the U.S.

Kivisto, Aaron J.; Magee, Lauren A.; Phalen, Peter; Ray, Bradley

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.009

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Thus, Minkov & Beaver [31] argue that murder rates in the United States are predicted by parental absenteeism and adolescent fertility. They are also due to a high possession of firearms [32]. This country has had 6.9 times higher homicide rates compared to other high-income countries [33].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 96%

Spatial Externalities of Income Inequality on Security in Latin America

et al. 2021

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The aim of this research is to analyse the effect of income inequality on the homicide rate. The study is carried out in 18 Latin American countries for the period 2005–2018. The methodology used is the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) model and the data were obtained from World Development Indicators, the World Health Organization and the Inter-American Development Bank. Thus, the dependent variable is the homicide rate and the independent variable is income inequality. In addition, some control variables are included, such as: poverty, urban population rate, unemployment, schooling rate, spending on security and GDP per capita, which improve the consistency of the model. The results obtained through GLS model determine that inequality has a negative and significant effect on the homicide rate for high-income countries (HIC) and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC), whereas it is positive and significant for upper-middle-income countries (UMIC). On the other hand, the control variables show different results by group of countries. In the case of unemployment, it is not significant in any group of countries. Negative spatial dependence was found regarding spatial models such as: the spatial lag (SAR) and spatial error (SEM) method. In the spatial Durbin model (SDM), positive spatial dependence between the variables was corroborated. However, spatial auto-regressive moving average (SARMA) identified no spatial dependence. Under these results it is proposed: to improve productivity, education and improve the efficiency of security-oriented resources.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 96%

Spatial Externalities of Income Inequality on Security in Latin America

et al. 2021

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“…The primary independent variables include state-level household firearm ownership rates and states' enactment of CAP provisions. Because of the absence of annual survey data on state firearm ownership rates, we used a validated proxy measure used by recent researchers 17,18 that has been shown to correlate with survey estimates of firearm ownership at 0.95. 19 This proxy measure incorporates the ratio of firearm suicides to total suicides (FS/S) and per capita hunting license data (firearm ownership % ¼ [0.62 Â FS/S] þ [0.88 Â per capita hunting licenses] -4.48).…”

Section: Study Design and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Suicide, Household Firearm Ownership, and the Effects of Child Access Prevention Laws

Kivisto

Gurnell

et al. 2021

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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This study has 3 objectives: to examine the association between state-level firearm ownership and suicide among adolescents of high school age; to compare the strength of the firearm ownershipÀsuicide association among adolescents relative to adults; and to evaluate the relationship between 11 child access prevention (CAP) laws and suicide. Method: Using an ecological time series cross-sectional design, we modeled suicide rates from January 1, 1991, to December 31, 2017, as a function of household firearm ownership and states' implementation of CAP provisions using fixed effect negative binomial models. Results: There were 37,652 suicides among adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18 years during the study period, and more than half of all suicides (51.5%, n ¼ 19,402) involved firearms. Each 10 percentage-point increase in states' firearm ownership was associated with a 39.3% (35.1%À43.5%) increase in firearm suicide, which in turn contributed a 6.8% (2.5%À11.1%) increase in all-cause suicide. The association between firearm ownership and suicide was approximately 2 times stronger among adolescents relative to adults. Policies mandating locks and safe storage were associated with a 13.1% (2.7%À22.3%) reduction in adolescent firearm suicide and an unexplained 8.7% (1.2%À15.7%) reduction in non-firearm suicide. CAP provisions were associated with reduced firearm suicide across the lifespan, but effects were stronger among adolescents. Conclusion:There is an increased risk of adolescent suicide associated with household firearm ownership, and safe storage provisions are associated with decreased adolescent firearm suicide.

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“…In addition to individual factors, unemployment, economic strain, and gun ownership have all been found to increase the likelihood of violence within the home ( Kivisto, Magee, Phalen, and Ray, 2019 ). The coronavirus has caused historically high unemployment claims, 5 severe hits to the stock market, and gun sales have sky-rocketed since March.…”

Section: Rural Victimization and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural Victimization and Policing during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Hansen

Lory

2020

Am J Crim Just

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Rural criminal justice organizations have been overlooked by researchers and underfunded in the United States, exacerbating problems caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Access to victims' services has been a longstanding issue in rural communities, but has become more difficult due to stay-at-home orders and changes in daily activities. Requirements such as social distancing, necessitated by COVID-19, have increased the risk of domestic violence and rural service providers are less prepared than those in more populated areas. Rural law enforcement agencies, on the other hand, have traditionally operated with smaller budgets and staffs-conditions that have complicated the response to the unprecedented event. Many of the recommended practices for policing during a pandemic have been more applicable to larger urban and suburban departments with more resources and officers extended across many units. The strain on rural victims' services and law enforcement has been felt only a few months into the coronavirus pandemic, while the long-term effects are not yet known.

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Firearm Ownership and Domestic Versus Nondomestic Homicide in the U.S.

Cited by 37 publications

References 16 publications

Spatial Externalities of Income Inequality on Security in Latin America

Spatial Externalities of Income Inequality on Security in Latin America

Adolescent Suicide, Household Firearm Ownership, and the Effects of Child Access Prevention Laws

Rural Victimization and Policing during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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