Firearm suicide decedents in the Republic of Ireland, 1980–2005

Sarma, Kiran; Kola, Susie

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2010.02.018

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The present study found the same results among women, what can be explained by familiar attachment, which is a protective factor against suicide [ 31 ]. Suicide rate is significantly higher among individuals who are single [ 32 , 38 , 39 ] and those who live alone with no relatives in close proximity [ 6 ]. Bonding may also increase a sense of belonging and the motivation to live.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Income Inequality and Other Social Determinants on Suicide Rate in Brazil

2015

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Studies about suicide worldwide have mainly focused on individual-level psychiatric risk factors. In Brazil, suicide is an important public health problem. Brazil has evidenced important socioeconomic changes over the last decades, leading to decreasing income inequality. However, the impact of income inequality on suicide rate has never been studied in the country.PurposeTo analyze whether income inequality and other social determinants are associated with suicide rate in Brazil.MethodThis study used panel data from all 5,507 Brazilian municipalities from 2000 to 2011. Suicide rates were calculated by sex and standardized by age for each municipality and year. The independent variables of the regression model included the Gini Index, per capita income, percentage of individuals with up to eight years of education, urbanization, average number of residents per household, percentage of divorced people, of Catholics, Pentecostals, and Evangelicals. A multivariable negative binomial regression for panel data with fixed-effects specification was performed.ResultsThe Gini index was positively associated with suicide rates; the rate ratio (RR) was 1.055 (95% CI: 1.011–1.101). Of the other social determinants, income had a significant negative association with suicide rates (RR: 0.968, 95% CI: 0.948–0.988), whereas a low-level education had a positive association (RR: 1.015, 95% CI: 1.010–1.021).ConclusionsIncome inequality represents a community-level risk factor for suicide rates in Brazil. The decrease in income inequality, increase in income per capita, and decrease in the percentage of individuals who did not complete basic studies may have counteracted the increase in suicides in the last decade. Other changes, such as the decrease in the mean residents per household, may have contributed to their increase. Therefore, the implementation of social policies that may improve the population’s socioeconomic conditions and reduce income inequality in Brazil, and in other low and middle-income countries, can help to reduce suicide rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Income Inequality and Other Social Determinants on Suicide Rate in Brazil

2015

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“…It is becoming undeniable that familiarity with and access to firearms are robust predictors of suicide in both urban and rural locales, and it is increasingly noted that rural individuals, usually because of agricultural needs (e.g., predator deterrence) or sociocultural acceptance (e.g., hunting, “gun culture”), are more likely to have such exposures (Brown et al, 2014; Nance, Carr, Kallan, Branas, & Wiebe, 2010). In countries where access to firearms is more permissible, suicide deaths by firearm occur at a greater rate in rural than in urban areas (Searles et al, 2014), including in Australia, Ireland, and the United States (Klieve, Sveticic, & De Leo, 2009; Sarma & Kola, 2010). Furthermore, in most countries with a firearm presence, rural deaths by suicide occur predominantly by this method, including in Finland (Lahti, Keranen, Hakko, Riala, & Rasanen, 2014).…”

Section: Rural-based Characteristics and Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide in rural areas: An updated review of the literature.

Hirsch

Cukrowicz

2014

Journal of Rural Mental Health

174

157

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Suicide is a significant public health concern at a global level and occurs at a greater rate in rural compared with urban areas. A review of the literature on rural suicide indicates that a growing body of empirical, theoretical, and prevention work has been conducted on the topic, with an increasing number of countries represented and articles written. From an ecological perspective, current data and models suggest that our approach to understanding and preventing rural suicide must be multifaceted, addressing the individual level (e.g., traditional risk factors such as psychiatric illness), as well as the microsystem (e.g., family and peer relations), mesosystem (e.g., the interconnectedness between microsystems), exosystem (e.g., the rural community), and macrosystem (e.g., social norms) levels. Geographic and interpersonal isolation, agricultural or otherwise hazardous vocational demands, environmental and governmental policies, availability of means, lack of access to care and rural ideologies appear to contribute to suicide risk. Interventions must be community-driven, culturally acceptable and feasible within the context of available resources to be effective. Prospective research on risk and protective factors for rural suicide is required, as is development, implementation and assessment of interventions that are originated by, implemented in, and sensitive to the needs of rural communities.

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“…Men die more often from murder, suicide, and unintentional injuries from firearms and most often perpetrate armed violence in Brazil (Fórum Brasileiro de Segurança Pública, 2022). Men are more likely to acquire guns, have greater familiarity and attraction to them, usually configure most high-risk work personnel, and find themselves more prone to violent suicides than women (Conwell et al, 2002;Sarma & Kola, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of carrying firearms with diagnoses of mental disorders, a history of self-mutilation, recent medical consultation, and working at a military workplace were significantly associated with the suicide of the military personnel. Sarma and Kola (2010) analyzed the risks and particularities of suicide via firearms compared to those by other methods. They investigated 9,674 suicides in 1980 and 2005 in Ireland.…”

Section: Table 1 Continuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Predictors Associated with Firearm Use: A Scope Review

Vecchi¹,

Cruz

2023

Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto)

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The use of firearms is a complex issue which involves issues related to mental health and public policies. This scoping review aimed to analyze individual and social risk predictors for the use of firearms. Based on the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews - PRISMA-ScR, six databases were consulted and 605 studies, retrieved. After screening, 16 empirical studies were selected for this review. Individual predictors included psychiatric diagnosis, abusive use of alcohol, high anxiety, and use of psychiatric medication; whereas social ones, access to firearms, absence of laws restricting the possession of weapons, and war experiences. We find the need for further research on the subject, especially by Brazilian science, since 87.5% of the studies this review screened came from the United States.

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Firearm suicide decedents in the Republic of Ireland, 1980–2005

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Impact of Income Inequality and Other Social Determinants on Suicide Rate in Brazil

Impact of Income Inequality and Other Social Determinants on Suicide Rate in Brazil

Suicide in rural areas: An updated review of the literature.

Risk Predictors Associated with Firearm Use: A Scope Review

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