Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio of Gut Microbiota and Its Relationships with Clinical Parameters of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Saleh, Mgs Irsan; Ali, Zulkhair; Hermansyah, Hermansyah; Murti, Krisna; Hafy, Zen; Yuristo, Eddy

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2023.10478

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Based on previous extensive assessment of microbiota studies, other studies have shown that it is difficult to associate the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio with a determined health status [40,46]. A clear suggestion was to explore compositional changes at the family, genus, or species level, which might be more relevant than the phyla-based Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio [40,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Gut and Dietary Salt: The Bacteroides/Prevotella Ratio as a Potential Marker of Sodium Intake and Beyond

Fagunwa,

Davies,

Bradbury

2024

Nutrients

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The gut microbiota is a dynamic ecosystem that plays a pivotal role in maintaining host health. The perturbation of these microbes has been linked to several health conditions. Hence, they have emerged as promising targets for understanding and promoting good health. Despite the growing body of research on the role of sodium in health, its effects on the human gut microbiome remain under-explored. Here, using nutrition and metagenomics methods, we investigate the influence of dietary sodium intake and alterations of the human gut microbiota. We found that a high-sodium diet (HSD) altered the gut microbiota composition with a significant reduction in Bacteroides and inverse increase in Prevotella compared to a low-sodium diet (LSD). However, there is no clear distinction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio between the two diet types. Metabolic pathway reconstruction revealed the presence of sodium reabsorption genes in the HSD, but not LSD. Since it is currently difficult in microbiome studies to confidently associate the F/B ratio with what is considered healthy (e.g., low sodium) or unhealthy (e.g., high sodium), we suggest that the use of a genus-based ratio such as the Bacteroides/Prevotella (B/P) ratio may be more beneficial for the application of microbiome studies in health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Gut and Dietary Salt: The Bacteroides/Prevotella Ratio as a Potential Marker of Sodium Intake and Beyond

Fagunwa,

Davies,

Bradbury

2024

Nutrients

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“…Inconsistencies with regards to differences in the alpha/beta-diversity or Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio are amongst the most common. The F/B ratio is widely accepted as a sign of intestinal homeostasis and overall gut health, and its alteration has been previously described in inflammatory bowel diseases [ 33 , 34 ] as well as metabolic disorders [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. However, the precise implications or effects of F/B imbalance on disease progression and patient outcome in ALS remain unknown due to conflicting results amongst current profiling studies.…”

Section: Evidence Of Gut Dysbiosis In Human Amyotrophic Lateral Scler...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut-Modulating Agents and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Noor Eddin,

Alfuwais,

Noor Eddin

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a highly fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive wasting and paralysis of voluntary muscle. Despite extensive research, the etiology of ALS remains elusive, and effective treatment options are limited. However, recent evidence implicates gut dysbiosis and gut–brain axis (GBA) dysfunction in ALS pathogenesis. Alterations to the composition and diversity of microbial communities within the gut flora have been consistently observed in ALS patients. These changes are often correlated with disease progression and patient outcome, suggesting that GBA modulation may have therapeutic potential. Indeed, targeting the gut microbiota has been shown to be neuroprotective in several animal models, alleviating motor symptoms and mitigating disease progression. However, the translation of these findings to human patients is challenging due to the complexity of ALS pathology and the varying diversity of gut microbiota. This review comprehensively summarizes the current literature on ALS-related gut dysbiosis, focusing on the implications of GBA dysfunction. It delineates three main mechanisms by which dysbiosis contributes to ALS pathology: compromised intestinal barrier integrity, metabolic dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. It also examines preclinical evidence on the therapeutic potential of gut-microbiota-modulating agents (categorized as prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics) in ALS.

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“…The ratio is reported to be elevated in obesity [20] and inflammatory bowel disease [21] suggesting a potential link to gut dysbiosis. In type 2 diabetes, the ratio varies and is associated with different clinical parameters such as diet, lifestyle, genetics and environmental factors [22,23]. Alterations of the gut-microbiota brought upon by 'western diets' has been postulated to exacerbate inflammatory diseases [4].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the Link between the Gut Microbiome and Autoimmune and Inflammatory Kidney Diseases: A Potential New Therapeutic Approach

Tan,

Akelew,

Snelson

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Autoimmune kidney diseases arise from a loss of tolerance to antigens, often with unclear triggers. In this review we explore the role of the gut microbiome and how disease, diet and therapy can alter the gut microbiota consortium. Perturbations in the gut microbiota may induce the translocation of microbiota-derived inflammatory molecules such as liposaccharide (LPS) and other toxins systemically by penetrating the gut epithelial barrier. Once in the blood stream these pro-inflammatory mediators activate immune cells which release pro-inflammatory molecules many of which are antigens in autoimmune diseases. The ratio of gut bacteria Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes is associated with worse outcomes in multiple autoimmune kidney diseases including Lupus nephritis, MPO-ANCA vasculitis and Goodpasture’s syndrome. Therapies which enhance short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria in the gut have powerful therapeutic potential. Dietary fibre is fermented by gut bacteria which in turn release SCFAs which protect the gut barrier as well as modulate immune responses towards a tolerogenic anti-inflammatory state. Herein, we describe where the current field of research is and the strategies to harness the gut microbiome as potential therapy.

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Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio of Gut Microbiota and Its Relationships with Clinical Parameters of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

The Human Gut and Dietary Salt: The Bacteroides/Prevotella Ratio as a Potential Marker of Sodium Intake and Beyond

The Human Gut and Dietary Salt: The Bacteroides/Prevotella Ratio as a Potential Marker of Sodium Intake and Beyond

Gut-Modulating Agents and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Unravelling the Link between the Gut Microbiome and Autoimmune and Inflammatory Kidney Diseases: A Potential New Therapeutic Approach

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