Firmware Update Using Multiple Gateways in LoRaWAN Networks

Charilaou, Christia; Lavdas, Spyros; Khalifeh, Ala’; Vassiliou, Vasos; Zinonos, Zinon

doi:10.3390/s21196488

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The authors of [27] extended the FUOTAsim simulator [8] to study a LoRaWAN scenario. Firmware updates were carried out using multiple gateways instead of one.…”

Section: Simulations and Models For Lora Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Firmware Updates over the Air via LoRa: Unicast and Broadcast Combination for Boosting Update Speed

Malumbres,

Saldana,

Berné

et al. 2024

Sensors

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The capacity to update firmware is a vital component in the lifecycle of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, even those with restricted hardware resources. This paper explores the best way to wirelessly (Over The Air, OTA) update low-end IoT nodes with difficult access, combining the use of unicast and broadcast communications. The devices under consideration correspond to a recent industrial IoT project that focuses on the installation of intelligent lighting systems within ATEX (potentially explosive atmospheres) zones, connected via LoRa to a gateway. As energy consumption is not limited in this use case, the main figure of merit is the total time required for updating a project. Therefore, the objective is to deliver all the fragments of the firmware to each and all the nodes in a safe way, in the least amount of time. Three different methods, combining unicast and broadcast transmissions in different ways, are explored analytically, with the aim of obtaining the expected update time. The methods are also tested via extensive simulations, modifying different parameters such as the size of the scenario, the number of bytes of each firmware chunk, the number of nodes, and the number of initial broadcast rounds. The simulations show that the update time of a project can be significant, considering the limitations posed by regulations, in terms of the percentage of airtime consumption. However, significant time reductions can be achieved by using the proper method: in some cases, when the number of nodes is high, the update time can be reduced by two orders of magnitude if the correct method is chosen. Moreover, one of the proposed methods is implemented using actual hardware. This real implementation is used to perform firmware update experiments in a lab environment. Overall, the article illustrates the advantage of broadcast approaches in this kind of technology, in which the transmission rate is constant despite the distance between the gateway and the node. However, the advantage of these broadcast methods with respect to the unicast one could be mitigated if the nodes do not run exactly the same firmware version, since the control of the broadcast update would be more difficult and the total update time would increase.

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“…The authors of [27] extended the FUOTAsim simulator [8] to study a LoRaWAN scenario. Firmware updates were carried out using multiple gateways instead of one.…”

Section: Simulations and Models For Lora Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Firmware Updates over the Air via LoRa: Unicast and Broadcast Combination for Boosting Update Speed

Malumbres,

Saldana,

Berné

et al. 2024

Sensors

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“…Application notifications: IoT application servers may need to relay information to end devices, such as decisions based on result analysis or some commands to modify sampling intervals. Remote firmware update: firmware updates are used to enhance the deployed IoT application in terms of security, fix bugs in the existing firmware, and add more functionalities [17]. The Firmware Update Over The Air (FUATA) [18] is one of the first proposed solutions for a remote firmware update in LoRaWAN.…”

Section: Technology Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of LoRaWAN scenarios in the presence of both uplink and downlink communication has been investigated and analyzed by many researchers in the literature [17,[19][20][21][22]. The works in [19][20][21] concluded that downlink traffic has a significant impact on the overall performance of LoRaWAN.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Duty Cycle-Based Gateway Selection Algorithm for LoRaWAN Downlink Communication

Mojamed¹

2023

Computer Systems Science and Engineering

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Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) has been developed to meet the requirements for the enormous device-to-device communication of Internet of Things (IoT) networks, which consist of a large number of participating devices spread over large coverage areas with low data rates and low power consumption. It supports communications in both directions, uplink, and downlink directions. However, the downlink communication in the current LoRaWAN raises the bottleneck issue at gateways due to the used gateway selection algorithm. This paper proposes a novel gateway selection algorithm based on the duty cycle time-off values for the existing gateways, Duty Cycle Gateway Selection (DCGS), to direct acknowledgment packets as downlink traffic towards the most suitable gateway. Thus, the proposed system avoids subsequent retransmission of previously sent traffic that leads to excessive traffic overloading the network. The proposed system avoids exhausting a gateway duty cycle with downlink traffic by distributing the downlink traffic among available gateways based on the duty cycle time off. DCGS is evaluated using FloRa and INET frameworks in the well-known network simulator OMNeT++. The result shows the superior performance of the proposed approach over the existing Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) based selection mechanism. It clearly indicates that the DCGS maintains a better confirmed packet delivery rate while reducing number of retransmissions, collisions, and power consumption.

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Enhancing energy efficiency of IEEE 802.15.4- based industrial wireless sensor networks

Khalifeh

Tanash

AlQudah

et al. 2023

Journal of Industrial Information Integration

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Firmware Update Using Multiple Gateways in LoRaWAN Networks

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Firmware Updates over the Air via LoRa: Unicast and Broadcast Combination for Boosting Update Speed

Firmware Updates over the Air via LoRa: Unicast and Broadcast Combination for Boosting Update Speed

A Duty Cycle-Based Gateway Selection Algorithm for LoRaWAN Downlink Communication

Enhancing energy efficiency of IEEE 802.15.4- based industrial wireless sensor networks

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