First 100 Persons with COVID-19 — Zambia, March 18–April 28, 2020

Chipimo, Peter J.; Barradas, Danielle T.; Kayeyi, Nkomba; Zulu, Paul Msanzya; Kapina, Muzala; Mazaba, Mazyanga L.; Hamoonga, Raymond; Musonda, Kunda; Monze, Mwaka; Kapata, Nathan; Sinyange, Nyambe; Simwaba, Davie; Kapaya, Fred; Mulenga, Lloyd; Chanda, Duncan; Malambo, Warren; Ngosa, William; Hines, Jonas Z; Yingst, Samuel L.; Agolory, Simon; Mukonka, Victor

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6942a5

Cited by 50 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Cases during the first eight weeks had a typical COVID-19 clinical presentation with a relatively low COVID-19-associated case-fatality ratio amongst hospitalised patients [17À19]. In this discussion, we reflect on how case detection strategies, testing capacity, clinical presentation and outcomes, the initial reproductive rate and the timing and nature of [20], Zambia [21]) South Africa did not implement active monitoring and case-finding amongst in-bound travellers. It is likely that initial imported cases may have gone undetected and that early testing criteria were too restrictive as phylogenetic analyses of South African strains showed evidence of multiple introduction events and some evidence of prior local transmission [22,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importation and establishment of community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the first eight weeks of the South African COVID-19 epidemic

McCarthy¹,

Manana²,

Govender³

2021

EClinicalMedicine

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Background: We describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in South Africa following importation and during implementation of stringent lockdown measures. Methods: Using national surveillance data including demographics, laboratory test data, clinical presentation, risk exposures (travel history, contacts and occupation) and outcomes of persons undergoing COVID-19 testing or hospitalised with COVID-19 at sentinel surveillance sites, we generated and interpreted descriptive statistics, epidemic curves, and initial reproductive numbers (Rt). Findings: From 4 March to 30 April 2020, 271,670 SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests were performed (462 tests/100,000 persons). Of these, 7,892 (2.9%) persons tested positive (median age 37 years (interquartile range 28À49 years), 4,568 (58%) male, cumulative incidence of 13.4 cases/100,000 persons). Hospitalization records were found for 1,271 patients (692 females (54%)) of whom 186 (14.6%) died. Amongst 2,819 cases with data, 489/ 2819 (17.3%) travelled internationally within 14 days prior to diagnosis, mostly during March 2020 (466 (95%)). Cases diagnosed in April compared with March were younger (median age, 37 vs. 40 years), less likely female (38% vs. 53%) and resident in a more populous province (98% vs. 91%). The national initial R t was 2.08 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71À2.51). Interpretation: The first eight weeks following COVID-19 importation were characterised by early predominance of imported cases and relatively low mortality and transmission rates. Despite stringent lockdown measures, the second month following importation was characterised by community transmission and increasing disease burden in more populous provinces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importation and establishment of community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the first eight weeks of the South African COVID-19 epidemic

McCarthy¹,

Manana²,

Govender³

2021

EClinicalMedicine

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“…We used medical records of COVID-19 patients admitted for care between February 27, 2020 and July 6, 2020. Inclusion criteria was laboratory confirmed cases with naso-oropharyngeal and sputum specimens that tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus by using real-time reverse-transcription–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay for SARS-CoV-2 in accordance with the protocol established by WHO [ 14 ]. Those that were suspected cases without confirmation of a positive result were excluded from the final analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of COVID-19 patients with comorbidities in southwest Nigeria

et al. 2021

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Background Data on the comorbidities that result in negative outcomes for people with COVID-19 are currently scarce for African populations. This study identifies comorbidities that predict death among a large sample of COVID-19 patients from Nigeria. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of medical records for 2184 laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Lagos, southwest Nigeria. Extracted data included age, sex, severity of condition at presentation and self-reported comorbidities. The outcomes of interest were death or discharge from facility. Results Most of the cases were male (65.8%) and the median age was 43 years (IQR: 33–55). Four hundred and ninety-two patients (22.5%) had at least one comorbidity and the most common amongst them were hypertension (74.2%) and diabetes (30.3%). The mortality rate was 3.3% and a significantly higher proportion of patients with comorbidities died compared to those with none. The comorbidities that predicted death were hypertension (OR: 2.21, 95%CI: 1.22–4.01), diabetes (OR: 3.69, 95% CI: 1.99–6.85), renal disease (OR: 12.53, 95%CI: 1.97–79.56), cancer (OR: 14.12, 95% CI: 2.03–98.19) and HIV (OR: 1.77–84.15]. Conclusion Comorbidities are prevalent and the associated risk of death is high among COVID-19 patients in Lagos, Nigeria. Public enlightenment, early identification and targeted care for COVID-19 cases with comorbidities are recommended as the pandemic evolves.

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“…Molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 using th TIB MOL BIOL rt RT-PCR kit. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in oropharyngeal samples has been performed using molecular biology methods, such as recommended by WHO and US CDC [22,23].…”

Section: Laboratory Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among high-risk populations in Lomé (Togo) in 2020

Halatoko¹,

Konu

Gbeasor-Komlanvi

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Background In December 2019, the COVID-19 outbreak began in China and quickly spread throughout the world and was reclassified as a pandemic in March 2020. The first case of COVID-19 was declared in Togo on March 5. Two months later, few data were available to describe the circulation of the new coronavirus in the country. Objective This survey aimed to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in high-risk populations in Lomé. Materials and methods From April 23, 2020, to May 8, 2020, we recruited a sample of participants from five sectors: health care, air transport, police, road transport and informal. We collected oropharyngeal swabs for direct detection through real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and blood for antibody detection by serological tests. The overall prevalence (current and past) of infection was defined by positivity for both tests. Results A total of 955 participants with a median age of 36 (IQR 32–43) were included, and 71.6% (n = 684) were men. Approximately 22.1% (n = 212) were from the air transport sector, 20.5% (n = 196) were from the police sector, and 38.7% (n = 370) were from the health sector. Seven participants (0.7%, 95% CI: 0.3–1.6%) had a positive rRT-PCR test result at the time of recruitment, and nine (0.9%, 95% CI: 0.4–1.8%) were seropositive for IgM or IgG against SARS-CoV-2. We found an overall prevalence of 1.6% (n = 15), 95% CI: 0.9–2.6%. Conclusion The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among high-risk populations in Lomé was relatively low and could be explained by the various measures taken by the Togolese government. Therefore, we recommend targeted screening.

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First 100 Persons with COVID-19 — Zambia, March 18–April 28, 2020

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

The importation and establishment of community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the first eight weeks of the South African COVID-19 epidemic

The importation and establishment of community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the first eight weeks of the South African COVID-19 epidemic

Outcomes of COVID-19 patients with comorbidities in southwest Nigeria

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among high-risk populations in Lomé (Togo) in 2020

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