First 1000 Days and Beyond After Birth: Gut Microbiota and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants

Zeng, Shuqin; Ying, Jiang; Li, Shiping; Qu, Yi; Mu, Dezhi; Wang, Shaopu

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.905380

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Among these, Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs), which function as metabolic substrates for specific intestinal microbes like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium , display varying concentrations across different stages of lactation [ 74 ]. The increase in BM diversity possibly contributes to the progression of the infant gut microbiota's maturation, considering that the diversity of the infant gut microbiota generally increases [ 75 ] in similar time intervals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the dynamics of the breast milk microbiome: impact of lactation stage and gestational age

Singh,

Al Mohannadi,

Murugesan

et al. 2023

J Transl Med

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Background Breast milk (BM) provides complete nutrition for infants for the first six months of life and is essential for the development of the newborn’s immature immune and digestive systems. While BM was conventionally believed to be sterile, recent advanced high throughput technologies have unveiled the presence of diverse microbial communities in BM. These insights into the BM microbiota have mainly originated from uncomplicated pregnancies, possibly not reflecting the circumstances of mothers with pregnancy complications like preterm birth (PTB). Methods In this article, we investigated the BM microbial communities in mothers with preterm deliveries (before 37 weeks of gestation). We compared these samples with BM samples from healthy term pregnancies across different lactation stages (colostrum, transitional and mature milk) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Our analysis revealed that the microbial communities became increasingly diverse and compositionally distinct as the BM matured. Specifically, mature BM samples were significantly enriched in Veillonella and lactobacillus (Kruskal Wallis; p < 0.001) compared to colostrum. The comparison of term and preterm BM samples showed that the community structure was significantly different between the two groups (Bray Curtis and unweighted unifrac dissimilarity; p < 0.001). Preterm BM samples exhibited increased species richness with significantly higher abundance of Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Propionibacterium acnes, unclassified Corynebacterium species. Whereas term samples were enriched in Staphylococcus epidermidis, unclassified OD1, and unclassified Veillonella among others. Conclusion Our study underscores the significant influence of pregnancy-related complications, such as preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestation), on the composition and diversity of BM microbiota. Given the established significance of the maternal microbiome in shaping child health outcomes, this investigation paves the way for identifying modifiable factors that could optimize the composition of BM microbiota, thereby promoting maternal and infant health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the dynamics of the breast milk microbiome: impact of lactation stage and gestational age

Singh,

Al Mohannadi,

Murugesan

et al. 2023

J Transl Med

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“…In particular, butyric acid and polyamines, including putrescine, have demonstrated beneficial effects on the human gut mucosa ( Tofalo et al, 2019 ), while vitamins and various amino acids can translocate in systemic circulation and exert far-reaching effects on the host ( Magnúsdóttir et al, 2015 ; van der Wielen et al, 2017 ). Therefore, the infant gut microbiota maturation emerged to be far from concluded even at 3–4 years of age, albeit the taxonomic composition may resemble that of adults ( Zeng et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbe metabolism of small molecules supports human development across the early stages of life

et al. 2022

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From birth to adulthood, the human gut-associated microbial communities experience profound changes in their structure. However, while the taxonomical composition has been extensively explored, temporal shifts in the microbial metabolic functionalities related to the metabolism of bioactive small molecules are still largely unexplored. Here, we collected a total of 6,617 publicly available human fecal shotgun metagenomes and 42 metatranscriptomes from infants and adults to explore the dynamic changes of the microbial-derived small molecule metabolisms according to the age-related development of the human gut microbiome. Moreover, by selecting metagenomic data from 250 breastfed and 217 formula-fed infants, we also investigated how feeding types can shape the metabolic functionality of the incipient gut microbiome. From the small molecule metabolism perspective, our findings suggested that the human gut microbial communities are genetically equipped and prepared to metabolically evolve toward the adult state as early as 1 month after birth, although at the age of 4 years, it still appeared functionally underdeveloped compared to adults. Furthermore, in respect of formula-fed newborns, breastfed infants showed enrichment in microbial metabolic functions related to specific amino acids present at low concentrations in human milk, highlighting that the infant gut microbiome has specifically evolved to synthesize bioactive molecules that can complement the human breast milk composition contributing to complete nutritional supply of infant.

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“…Changes in gut microbiota in early life have a long-lasting impact on the development and establishment of the gut microbiota throughout life [10,22]. Moreover, early-life gut dysbiosis has been associated with an increased risk of inflammatory, metabolic, and immune diseases later in life [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Microbiota Profile in the Proximal Remnant Intestine in Infants Undergoing Surgery Requiring Enterostomy

Barreiros-Mota,

R. Araújo,

Marques

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Early-life gut dysbiosis has been associated with an increased risk of inflammatory, metabolic, and immune diseases later in life. Data on gut microbiota changes in infants undergoing intestinal surgery requiring enterostomy are scarce. This prospective cohort study examined the enterostomy effluent of 29 infants who underwent intestinal surgery due to congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract, necrotizing enterocolitis, or spontaneous intestinal perforation. Initial effluent samples were collected immediately after surgery and final effluent samples were collected three weeks later. Gut microbiota composition was analysed using real-time PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Three weeks after surgery, an increase in total bacteria number (+21%, p = 0.026), a decrease in Staphylococcus (−21%, p = 0.002) and Candida spp. (−16%, p = 0.045), and an increase in Lactobacillus (+3%, p = 0.045) and in less abundant genera belonging to the Enterobacteriales family were found. An increase in alpha diversity (Shannon’s and Simpson’s indexes) and significant alterations in beta diversity were observed. A correlation of necrotizing enterocolitis with higher Staphylococcus abundance and higher alpha diversity was also observed. H2-blockers and/or proton pump inhibitor therapy were positively correlated with a higher total bacteria number. In conclusion, these results suggest that positive changes occur in the gut microbiota profile of infants three weeks after intestinal surgery.

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First 1000 Days and Beyond After Birth: Gut Microbiota and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants

Cited by 7 publications

References 52 publications

Unveiling the dynamics of the breast milk microbiome: impact of lactation stage and gestational age

Unveiling the dynamics of the breast milk microbiome: impact of lactation stage and gestational age

Gut microbe metabolism of small molecules supports human development across the early stages of life

Changes in Microbiota Profile in the Proximal Remnant Intestine in Infants Undergoing Surgery Requiring Enterostomy

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