First analyses of lysine succinylation proteome and overlap between succinylation and acetylation in Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Abstract

Background Lysine succinylation (Ksu) exists in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and influences a variety of metabolism processes. However, little attention has been paid to Ksu in insects, especially the notorious invasive pest Solenopsis invicta. Results In this study, the first analyses of Ksu proteome and overlap between Ksu and lysine acetylation (Kac) in S. invicta were presented. 3753 succinylated sites in 893 succinylated proteins were tested. The dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, V-type proton ATPase subunit G, and tubulin alpha chain all had evolutionary conservatism among diverse ant or bee species. Immunoblotting validation showed that there were many Ksu protein bands with a wide range of molecular mass. In addition, 1230 sites in 439 proteins were highly overlapped between Ksu and Kac. 54.05% of Ksu proteins in cytoplasm were acetylated. The results demonstrated that Ksu may play a vital part in the allergization, redox metabolism, sugar, fat, and protein metabolism, energy production, immune response, and biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites. Conclusions Ksu and Kac were two ubiquitous protein post-translational modifications participated in a variety of biological processes. Our results may supply rich resources and a starting point for the molecular basic research of regulation on metabolic pathways and other biological processes by succinylation and acetylation.

Dysregulation of protein succinylation and disease development

“…Secondly, an electrostatic attraction between succinyl CoA and lysine residues may play an auxiliary, but the detail mechanisms remained further study. Succinylation can be involved in differentiation, metabolism and other important life processing by regulating protease activity and gene expression (Ye and Li, 2022). This makes succinylation highly valuable for the study of diseases related to mitochondrial disorders (Yang Y. H. et al, 2022).…”

“…Further and extensive investigations are required to explore its roles and accurate mechanism in trigger those diseases. In addition, a variety of PTMs usually act in combination, such as high overlap between succinylation and acetylation (Ye and Li, 2022), and the interaction between them also needs to be further researched. It is apparent that there could be competition among various modifications occurring on the lysine residue, given that lysine is the most frequently modified residue in post-translational modifications.…”

“…Lysine succinylation (Ksucc) is a new, broad-spectrum, dynamic, reversible PTM that has been discovered in recent years (Figure 1) . It is involved in almost all biological processes of organisms (Ye and Li, 2022), playing an important role in the metabolic regulation, signal transduction and cell differentiations (Amirkashani et al, 2023;Huang et al, 2023), mainly through the regulation of protease activity and gene expression (Huang et al, 2021). The regulation of succinylation and involves multiple factors, including succinyl-donor and the regulators of succinylation (Lu and Han, 2022).…”

Comprehensive analysis of the lysine succinylome in fish oil-treated prostate cancer cells

“…In 2011, succinylation was identified using a high throughput mass spectrometry method and confirmed by Western blot analyses and in vivo labeling (Zhang et al, 2011). Interestingly, succinylation is lysine (K)-specific, which allows for shared modification sites with other PTMs such as acetylation (Weinert et al, 2013;Ye & Li, 2022). This suggests that cells can modulate protein function by switching between acetylation and succinylation at specific lysine residues (Ali et al, 2019).…”