First application of diethyl oxalate as efficient additive in high performance dye-sensitized solar cells based on iodide/triiodide electrolyte

Microreactor technology for synthesis of ethyl methyl oxalate from diethyl oxalate with methanol and its kinectics

“…Oxalate is an important class of compounds that have widespread applications in coal chemical products, [1] pharmaceutical intermediates, [2,3] battery additives, [4] plastic intermediates, [5] etc. Therefore, research on this chemical is important.…”

Role of Co‐Sensitizers in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

“…Furthermore, Afrooz and Dehghani used triphenyl phosphate (TPP) as an additive with triphenylamine (TPA) and N719 dyes (Figure ), resulting in a PCE of 2.73 % and 7.04 %, respectively . Later, they developed a novel additive [i.e., diethyl oxalate (DEOX)] that yielded PCEs of 2.68 % and 7.33 % when mixed with TPA and N719, respectively …”

“…[18] Later, they developed an ovel additive [i.e., diethyl oxalate (DEOX)] that yielded PCEs of 2.68 %a nd 7.33 %w hen mixed with TPA and N719, respectively. [19] Over the past few years, Giribabu et al extensively investigated various dye/additive combinations and obtainedh igher PCE values in devices containing additivesr elative to the correspondingi ndependent dyes. Recently,D SSCs were fabricated with thioalkyl-substituted tetrathiafulvalene metal-free dyes (referred to as G1-G6,F igure 3) with 0.6 m DMPII ( Figure 1) and 0.5 m TBP additives and ah igh PCE of 7.15 %w as achieved.…”

“…For example, 4‐ tert ‐butylpyridine (TBP, Figure ), which is considered to be a relatively small molecule, is currently the most popular additive introduced into the DSSC electrolyte to increase V OC , which leads to a 1–2 % increase in PCE values. Later, varieties of co‐adsorbents, such as decylphosphonic acid (DPA), dineohexylbis (3,3‐dimethylbutyl) phosphinic acid (DINHOP), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), were introduced to Ru–polypyridyl complexes, coumarin, porphyrin, phthalocyanine, and naphthalocyanine dyes to break up π–π stacking of these sensitizers, significantly improving the V OC and J SC of the respective devices . The dye molecules themselves can also be synthetically modified to contain bulky groups that are designed to decrease aggregation of the molecules.…”

“…Later,v arieties of co-adsorbents, such as decylphosphonic acid (DPA), dineohexylbis (3,3-dimethylbutyl) phosphinic acid( DINHOP), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), were introduced to Ru-polypyridyl complexes, coumarin, porphyrin, phthalocyanine, and naphthalocyanine dyes to break up p-p stacking of these sensitizers,s ignificantly improving the V OC and J SC of the respectived evices. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The dye molecules themselves can also be synthetically modified to contain bulky groups that are designed to decrease aggregationo ft he molecules. Although thesea pproaches have significantly improvedp erformance, they also reduce the amount of dye that can be loaded on the surface of TiO 2 ,l imitingt he PCE of these device.…”