First approach on nanofluid-based solar still in high altitude for water desalination and solar water disinfection (SODIS)

Reliability of thermal desalination (solar stills) for water/wastewater treatment in light of COVID-19 (novel coronavirus “SARS-CoV-2”) pandemic: What should consider?

“…In some cases researchers uses specific geometry for solar still such as double-slope [ 28 , 29 ], tubular [ 30 , 31 ], pyramid [ 32 , 33 ], hemispherical [ 34 , 35 ], spherical [ 36 , 37 ], stepped [ 38 , 39 ], and asymmetrical [ 40 , 41 ] to make an improvement on system. The most prominent passive techniques can be mentioned such as using energy absorbing/storing materials (sands, cement, and marble pieces) [ [42] , [43] , [44] ], porous media [ 45 , 46 ], utilizing phase change materials (PCMs) [ [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] ], using wicks [ [51] , [52] , [53] ], fins [ 54 , 55 ], internal/external reflectors [ [56] , [57] , [58] ], film cooling [ [59] , [60] , [61] ], increase the rate of heat and mass transfer by utilizing different nanoparticles in absorber/fluid/cover of solar stills [ [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] ]. Meanwhile, integration with humidification-dehumidification systems [ 71 , 72 ], thermoelectric modules (for heating and cooling) [ 73 , 74 ], and external/internal condensers [ 75 , 76 ] are another modifications for enhancing the performance of system.…”

Nanotechnology in Enhanced Oil Recovery

“…Other research shows that some hybrids such as silica-multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) have excellent ability to change the wettability and improve the rheological properties of injected fluids in reservoirs. The results of Ershadi [100] showed that the wettability of carbonate and sandstone rocks rapidly changes from oil-wet to water-wet by using the MWCNT-silica nanohybrid. In other studies, unsteady-state displacement tests of water/water saturated on a sandstone core sample by dispersed nanoparticles-light crude oil systems were performed.…”

“…The results showed that NP additives have a stronger effect on changing the nonwetting phase relative to permeability curves In other studies, unsteady-state displacement tests of water/water saturated on a sandstone core sample by dispersed nanoparticles-light crude oil systems were performed. The results showed that NP additives have a stronger effect on changing the nonwetting phase relative to permeability curves in comparison to the wetting phase in both drainage and imbibition processes [99][100][101][102][103][104]. Some experimental research (the effect of NPs on contact angle) is shown in Table 3.…”

Super Hydrophilic Activated Carbon Decorated Nanopolymer Foam for Scalable, Energy Efficient Photothermal Steam Generation, as an Effective Desalination System

“…Despite the potential improvements from coupling solar evaporation structures, several unresolved challenges remain. Among these challenges are: Salt accumulation in the solar evaporation structure under continuous evaporation, stable evaporation rate during condensation, heat losses under real seawater conditions, shrinking costs of condensing infrastructure [ 16 , 17 ]. Based on these merits, tremendous efforts have been implored to find out excellent photothermal materials with the incorporation of unique characteristics, e.g., ultra-band light absorption, super hydrophilicity, mechanical robustness, porosity, and thermal insulation, etc.…”