First associated tooth set of a high-cusped Ptychodus (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Cretaceous of northeastern Italy, and resurrection of Ptychodus altior Agassiz, 1835

Amadori, Manuel; Amalfitano, Jacopo; Giusberti, Luca; Fornaciari, Eliana; Luciani, Valeria; Carnevale, Giorgio; Kriwet, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.002

Cited by 12 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…1F-1I) at least partially attributable to P. latissimus, in the last comprehensive revision of the fossil fish record from northeastern Italy by D'Erasmo (1922). Occurrences of P. latissimus and other species of the genus outside northeastern Italy are sparse and/or poorly documented (see also Amadori et al, 2019aAmadori et al, , 2019bAmadori et al, , 2020. Sacco (1905) reported several specimens of Ptychodus from the surroundings of Vernasca (Piacenza province, Italy).…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ptychodus Agassiz, 1834 is a genus of Cretaceous elasmobranchs ranging from the Albian to the Campanian with worldwide distribution (Woodward, 1912;Cappetta, 2012). The fossil record of this enigmatic predator mainly includes isolated teeth, very rare associated, but also articulated dentitions and mineralized cartilaginous elements (Nicolis, 1889;Woodward, 1889;Tan, 1949;MacLeod, 1982;Everhart & Caggiano, 2004;Shimada et al, 2010;Cappetta, 2012;Shimada, 2012;Diedrich, 2013;Hamm, 2017;Amadori et al, 2019aAmadori et al, , 2019bAmadori et al, , 2020Jambura & Kriwet, 2020). Ptychodus possessed polygonal, molariform teeth arranged in dental plates suitable for crushing shelled preys (Williston, 1900a(Williston, , 1900bWoodward, 1912;Cappetta, 2012;Shimada, 2012;Diedrich, 2013;Amadori et al, 2019bAmadori et al, , 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fossil record of this enigmatic predator mainly includes isolated teeth, very rare associated, but also articulated dentitions and mineralized cartilaginous elements (Nicolis, 1889;Woodward, 1889;Tan, 1949;MacLeod, 1982;Everhart & Caggiano, 2004;Shimada et al, 2010;Cappetta, 2012;Shimada, 2012;Diedrich, 2013;Hamm, 2017;Amadori et al, 2019aAmadori et al, , 2019bAmadori et al, , 2020Jambura & Kriwet, 2020). Ptychodus possessed polygonal, molariform teeth arranged in dental plates suitable for crushing shelled preys (Williston, 1900a(Williston, , 1900bWoodward, 1912;Cappetta, 2012;Shimada, 2012;Diedrich, 2013;Amadori et al, 2019bAmadori et al, , 2020. Marked interspecific and intraspecific variability characterizes the dental morphologies of this durophagous elasmobranch of unknown affinities, making its already problematic dental-based taxonomy and systematic relationships even more difficult (Nicholls, 2010;Shimada, 2012;Amadori et al, 2019bAmadori et al, , 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ptychodus possessed polygonal, molariform teeth arranged in dental plates suitable for crushing shelled preys (Williston, 1900a(Williston, , 1900bWoodward, 1912;Cappetta, 2012;Shimada, 2012;Diedrich, 2013;Amadori et al, 2019bAmadori et al, , 2020. Marked interspecific and intraspecific variability characterizes the dental morphologies of this durophagous elasmobranch of unknown affinities, making its already problematic dental-based taxonomy and systematic relationships even more difficult (Nicholls, 2010;Shimada, 2012;Amadori et al, 2019bAmadori et al, , 2020. Different degrees of heterodonty have been also recently recognized based on comparisons of articulated tooth sets (see Woodward, 1912;Shimada, 2012;Amadori et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different degrees of heterodonty have been also recently recognized based on comparisons of articulated tooth sets (see Woodward, 1912;Shimada, 2012;Amadori et al, 2020). In general, Ptychodus exhibits relatively flat or markedly cusped dental crowns, which could suggest opportunistic or more specialized feeding adaptations, respectively (Shimada, 2012;Diedrich, 2013;Amadori et al, 2019bAmadori et al, , 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Italian record of the Cretaceous shark,Ptychodus latissimusAgassiz, 1835 (Chondrichthyes; Elasmobranchii)

Amadori

Amalfitano

Giusberti

et al. 2020

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Associated and isolated teeth of the extinct elasmobranch Ptychodus latissimus Agassiz, 1835 from the Upper Cretaceous Scaglia Rossa pelagic limestone of northern Italy are described and discussed here in detail for the first time. The dentition of this widely distributed species consists of low-crowned molariform teeth that exhibit marked and strong occlusal ornamentations suitable for crushing hard-shelled prey. The associated tooth sets and isolated teeth analyzed here are heterogeneous in size and crown outline, but unambiguously belong to a single species. Re-examination of this Italian material consisting of ca. 30 specimens mostly coming from historical collections allows for a rigorous assessment of the intraspecific variability of P. latissimus, including the identification of three different tooth “morphotypes” based on their positions within the jaws. The relatively flat crowns and occlusal sharp and thick ridges indicate a high adaptation for crushing hard-shelled prey in P. latissimus indicating that the durophagous adaptations of this species were certainly more pronounced than in all other species of Ptychodus. We hypothesize that P. latissimus was a third-level predator occupying habitats with abundant thick-shelled prey, such as inoceramid bivalves and ammonites.

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Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%