First case of fatal equine meningoencephalitis caused by Halicephalobus gingivalis in Mexico

Ávila, Víctor Ávila; López-Garcia, YR; Hernández‐Castro, Rigoberto; Salas-Garrido, Carlos Gerardo; Ramírez-Lezama, José; Calderón-Villa, R.; Martínez-Chavarría, Luary C.

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100399

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Within 24 h, the neurological signs continued to progress to the decubitus state, so the horses were euthanized. Most of the reported cases have had a very poor outcome, almost always death or euthanasia, as observed by previous workers [2,5,21]. Treatment failure may be due to the inability of anthelmintics to cross the blood-brain barrier and penetrate the granulomatous lesions of the nervous system or to the lack of sensitivity of the nematode [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…It is possible that some injury in the right hock served as a route of infection, although it was not observed at the time of hospitalization. The involvement of the brain [ 2 , 5 ] and kidneys [ 19 ] suggests a hematogenous route of infection. Reports involving the nasal cavities and lung suggest inhalation as a possible route of transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although most members of Rhabditoidea are free-living saprophagous nematodes, some are true parasites, while still others are facultative parasites. It seems that the nematode described in the current report belongs to the facultative group [ 2 ]. In the parasitic phase, reproduction is presumably achieved by parthenogenesis because only females, larvae, and eggs are found in the tissues, but male forms exist in the free-living phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathological fracture induced by Halicephalobus gingivalis (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in a horse limb

Sousa,

Toma,

Lima

et al. 2024

Parasites Hosts Dis

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Halicephalobus gingivalis is a free-living nematode that occasionally causes infections in horses. We report a rare case of limb fracture of horse caused by infection with H. gingivalis. An 8-year-old mare was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras with claudication grade 5 of the right hind limb, that had been started 3 months ago. The patient had aseptic arthritis in the tarsal joint and edema that extended to the quartile. The radiographic examination showed punctate osteolysis with exacerbation of bone trabeculation along the calcaneus, talus, proximal epiphysis of the third metatarsal and distal epiphysis of the tibia. Treatment for arthritis was initiated, and the animal showed a slight improvement in limb function. However, 21 days after hospitalization, due to a comminuted fracture of the tibia, it was euthanized. At necropsy, yellowish masses were found from the metatarsal to the tibia, and around the tarsal bones and joint. Similar masses were also found in the left kidney. Numerous nematodes compatible with H. gingivalis were identified. This is the first description of a pathological fracture caused by H. gingivalis infection in an equine limb.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathological fracture induced by Halicephalobus gingivalis (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in a horse limb

Sousa,

Toma,

Lima

et al. 2024

Parasites Hosts Dis

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“…As infecções têm sido observadas em animais de três semanas de vida (Wilkins et al, 2001) a 24 anos de idade (Muller et al, 2008). Aparentemente não há predileção por sexo ou raça (Avila et al, 2020;Ferguson et al, 2008;Gracia-calvo et al, 2014) e os animais acometidos geralmente não possuem doença intercorrente ou imunossupressão (Taulescu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Dermatite granulomatosa por Halicephalobus gingivalis em um equino no Nordeste do Brasil

Oliveira

Souto

Nascimento

et al. 2022

RSD

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Descrevem-se os aspectos clínicos e anatomopatológicos de um caso de dermatite granulomatosa por Halicephalobus gingivalis em um equino no Nordeste do Brasil. O animal apresentou nódulos cutâneos multifocais, não pruriginosos e indolores, predominantemente dispostos nas regiões abdominal, torácica, cervical e facial, e na superfície lateral dos membros torácicos e pélvicos. Fragmentos cutâneos foram coletados, fixados em formol a 10% tamponado, clivados, processados rotineiramente para histopatologia e enviados para avaliação anatomopatológica. Macroscopicamente observaram-se nódulos exofíticos, bem delimitados e com superfície alopécica, multilobulada e crostosa, medindo de 0,5 a 1 cm de diâmetro. Ao corte, os nódulos eram macios, com superfície amarelada, compacta e lisa. Na histopatologia, observou-se dermatite nodular e granulomatosa, focalmente extensa, acentuada, associada a parasitas nematódeos rabditiformes, morfologicamente compatíveis com H. gingivalis. As infecções por H. gingivalis devem ser incluídas no diagnóstico diferencial de dermatites granulomatosas em equinos. O tratamento com ivermectina associado a excisão cirúrgica dos nódulos demonstrou-se eficiente.

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“…in the wild and to rear them in vitro on E. coli OP50 . They were found in vegetation samples whereas in many previous studies, H. gingivalis was reported to live in horses, zebras, donkeys, ruminants, and humans (Darien et al, 1988;Rames et al, 1995;Nadler et al, 2003;Ondrejka et al, 2010;Bhavesh Papadi et al, 2013;Enemark et al, 2016;Onyiche et al, 2018;Noiva et al, 2019;Avila et al, 2020). Thus, they may live in the animals that inhabit in Cat Tien National Park and Cuc Phuong National Park rather than horses, zebras, and donkeys that never develop in the two parks (Murphy, Phan, 2002;Polet, Ling, 2004;Rugendyke, Nguyen, 2005).…”

Section: Isolation Of Halicephalobus Spmentioning

confidence: 91%

The abundance of parasitic nematodes Halicephalobus species (Nematoda: Rhabditida) invading humans and animals in national parks of Vietnam

Tho Son,

Mai Huong,

Bich Hong

et al. 2023

Vietnam J. Biotechnol.

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Halicephalobus nematodes are parasites in horses, ruminants, and humans. They with the most demonstrated H. gingivalis infect the hosts and cause granulomas to fatalities. Anthelmintic treatments are not effective in many cases, so precautions against Halicephalobus infection based on the understanding of life history may help. So far, ten species have been globally identified. We isolated many wild-type Halicephalobus sp. strains in vegetation samples collected from two national parks (Cat Tien and Cuc Phuong National Parks) in Vietnam and cultured them on bacteria. Thus, Halicephalobus nematodes could live in the wild and feed on bacteria. In previous studies, horses were predominantly found to be hosts of Halicephalobus sp. nematodes, but in this study they are not presented in the parks, suggesting that other wild animals such as ruminants in the parks should be their hosts. In addition, we analyzed the 18S rDNA sequences of the isolated nematodes and found that they are likely divergent between the two ecological systems, suggesting the two nematode communities have evolved differently.

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First case of fatal equine meningoencephalitis caused by Halicephalobus gingivalis in Mexico

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Pathological fracture induced by Halicephalobus gingivalis (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in a horse limb

Pathological fracture induced by Halicephalobus gingivalis (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in a horse limb

Dermatite granulomatosa por Halicephalobus gingivalis em um equino no Nordeste do Brasil

The abundance of parasitic nematodes Halicephalobus species (Nematoda: Rhabditida) invading humans and animals in national parks of Vietnam

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