First case of infective endocarditis caused by Helicobacter cinaedi

Bartels, Hanni; Goldenberger, Daniel; Reuthebuch, Oliver; Vosbeck, Juerg; Weisser, Maja; Frei, Reno; Bättig, Veronika

doi:10.1186/s12879-014-0586-0

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Helicobacter cinaedi often causes enteritis and bacteraemia, and sometimes causes cellulitis and arthritis . In rare cases it causes meningitis, infective endocarditis, infected aortic aneurysm, myopericarditis and pyoderma gangrenosum‐like ulcer . Most patients are immunocompromised, having HIV infection, haematological diseases, renal failure or a current history of anticancer chemotherapy.…”

Section: Clinical Features and Characteristic Skin Manifestations Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous manifestations ofHelicobacter cinaedi: a review

Shimizu

2016

Br J Dermatol

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Helicobacter cinaedi is an emerging Gram-negative spiral bacillus that was first reported in 1984. It has been implicated as a cause of gastroenteritis and bacteraemia in immunocompromised individuals. Helicobacter cinaedi-associated bacteraemia is sometimes accompanied by skin lesions; however, the cutaneous manifestations of this pathogen are not widely known. To our knowledge, a comprehensive review with detailed analysis of skin lesions associated with H. cinaedi has not been conducted. This article summarizes the clinical appearance of H. cinaedi cellulitis and its management. In addition, we conducted a retrospective review of 73 patients with H. cinaedi bacteraemia at a single institution, to further clarify the characteristic cutaneous features. It was found that 30% (22/73) of the cases of H. cinaedi bacteraemia had sudden-onset erythema accompanied by high fever. The most common cutaneous symptom of H. cinaedi bacteraemia was found to be mild cellulitis, appearing as multiple painful infiltrated erythemas on the extremities. As H. cinaedi is not always detectable in routine blood culture techniques, evaluation of these characteristic cutaneous manifestations seems important in diagnosis. Helicobacter cinaedi infection should be added to the diagnostic list of unspecified fever with painful infiltrated erythemas.

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Section: Clinical Features and Characteristic Skin Manifestations Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous manifestations ofHelicobacter cinaedi: a review

Shimizu

2016

Br J Dermatol

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“…H. cinaedi infections typically present as bacteremia (1, 2, 4) with or without cellulitis. It also causes gastroenteritis (4, 5), meningitis (6, 7), arthritis (8), and infective endocarditis (9). This is the first case demonstrating that H. cinaedi was capable of causing vertebral osteomyelitis.…”

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confidence: 86%

Vertebral Osteomyelitis Caused by Helicobacter cinaedi

et al. 2015

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cHelicobacter cinaedi causes bacteremia, cellulitis, and gastroenteritis. We report the first case of vertebral osteomyelitis caused by H. cinaedi in an elderly man with low back pain and fever. The pathogen was detected in blood and lumbar disc, and the infection was successfully treated with oral doxycycline for 11 weeks. CASE REPORTA 66-year-old man presented at our hospital due to a 2-week history of low back pain and fever accompanied by shaking chills. Two days previously, he had erythema on his body trunk and both lower extremities, which disappeared spontaneously. He had a history of diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis with esophageal and gastric varix, for which he was being treated with glimepiride at another hospital. His HbA1c level was 6.9%, and his Child-Pugh score was class B. He had no remarkable family history. He owned a pet cat that sometimes bit his hands.On physical examination, his body temperature was 37.2°C, blood pressure was 130/65 mm Hg, pulse rate was 107 beats/min, and respiratory rate was 12 breaths/min. His breath and heart sound were normal, and his abdomen was soft. He had no vertebral and paravertebral muscle tenderness. All neurological findings were normal. He had no rash. Laboratory tests showed an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count of 12.2 ϫ 10 3 /l and C-reactive protein (CRP) level of 7.74 mg/dl. Two sets of blood cultures were obtained using Bactec Plus Aerobic/F and Anaerobic/F culture bottles (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sparks, MD). After 4 days of incubation, Gram-negative spiral bacteria were detected in two sets of aerobic blood bottles. A microaerobic culture was conducted at 35 Ϯ 2°C under 5% CO 2 . The strains formed distinctive film-like colonies on chocolate II agar (Nippon Becton, Dickinson and Company, Tokyo, Japan) and Vitalmedia sheep blood agar (Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd., Japan). Multiplex PCR was performed with colonies from subcultures in accordance with previously published methods (1, 2), using 5=-TATACCGGTAAGGAGCTGGA-3= and 5=-ATCAATT AACTTCGAGCACCG-3= as primers to amplify the 23S rRNA gene region common to all types of Helicobacter bacteria. We also used the primers 5=-AGGGATTCCACAAGTGAGC-3= and 5=-T CTTGTCCTGTGCGTTCATC-3= to amplify the gyrB gene region, which is specific only to Helicobacter cinaedi (1). This is also recommended in CLSI MM-18A (3). We identified the bacteria as H. cinaedi because they had both genes amplified. Treatment with oral amoxicillin at 500 mg three times a day was initiated. However, 24 days after the initial positive blood culture, repeated blood cultures continued to be positive for H. cinaedi. The patient's low back pain and low-grade fever persisted. His WBC count was 7.5 ϫ 10 3 /l, and the CRP level was 1.73 mg/dl. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine was performed, which revealed spondylitis and discitis of lumbar vertebrae (L1) and L2 (Fig. 1). We stopped prescribing amoxicillin for 1 week and performed an aspiration biopsy of his lumbar disc on day 6 after admission. We ex...

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“…A case of infective endocarditis caused by H. cinaedi in an immunocompromised 71-year-old man was reported [13]. H. cinaedi was not detected by culture; however, PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene on the biopsy of the aortic valve identified H. cinaedi as the causative agent.…”

Section: Non-h Pylori Helicobacter Infections In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Other Helicobacters

et al. 2015

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In the past year, a substantial number of (putative) novel Helicobacter species have been described, including Helicobacter himalayensis colonizing the Himalayan marmot and Helicobacter apodemus, colonizing the Korean striped field mouse. In addition, a putative novel gastric Helicobacter species was identified in wild gorillas and chimpanzees, for which the name "Candidatus H. homininae" was proposed. A high incidence of gastric non-H. pylori Helicobacter infection was described in China and multiple case reports have described the involvement of enterohepatic Helicobacter species, especially Helicobacter cinaedi, in a wide range of diseases. Several studies in rodent models further elucidated the mechanisms underlying the development of gastric mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue lymphoma during infection with gastric non-H. pylori Helicobacters. The effects of infection with gastric Helicobacters on the development of neuroinflammation were investigated and several enterohepatic Helicobacter species were shown to affect the composition of the gut microbiota, to influence vaccine efficiency as well as the progression of cancer in distant sites of the body. Taxonomy and PhylogenyHelicobacter himalayensis was described as a new enterohepatic Helicobacter species in 2015 [1]. H. himalayensis was isolated from gastric mucosa of Marmota himalayana in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1468 bp) showed that it was most closely related to Helicobacter marmotae (96.7% similarity), while the 23S rRNA gene sequence (2879 bp) analysis showed that it was most closely related to Helicobacter canis (96% similarity).A novel Helicobacter species was identified from the gastrointestinal tract of Korean striped field mice, for which the name Helicobacter apodemus sp. nov. was proposed [2]. The isolates were positive for urease activity and were most closely related to a reference strain of Helicobacter mesocricetorum (97.03-97.32% 16S rRNA sequence similarities).A novel Helicobacter sp. was also isolated from the cecum of the Siberian hamster [3]. Sequence analysis showed 97% sequence similarity to Helicobacter ganmani. Coinfection with Helicobacter bilis and Campylobacter spp. was observed in the Siberian hamster. Genomics and GeneticsHelicobacter suis is one of the most fastidious Helicobacter species, requiring biphasic culture conditions. Hence, cultures obtained from an individual animal may contain multiple H. suis strains. A method was developed to obtain single-colony-derived H. suis strains by culturing bacteria as colonies on 1% brucella agar plates, followed by purification and enrichment by biphasic culture [4]. However, for four of 17 strains, MLST analysis revealed genetic differences between parental and single-colony-derived strains. One colony-derived strain was further shown to have lost its capacity to colonize Mongolian gerbils.Draft genome sequences of seven enterohepatic Helicobacter species were described [5]. Six isolates (H. bilis ATCC 43879, H. canis NCTC 12...

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First case of infective endocarditis caused by Helicobacter cinaedi

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Cutaneous manifestations ofHelicobacter cinaedi: a review

Cutaneous manifestations ofHelicobacter cinaedi: a review

Vertebral Osteomyelitis Caused by Helicobacter cinaedi

The Other Helicobacters

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