First chronic wasting disease (CWD) surveillance of roe deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>) in the Northern part of Belgium

Bosschere, H. De; Saegerman, Claude; Neukermans, Axel; Berkvens, Dirk; Casaer, Jim; Vanopdenbosch, Emmanuel; Roels, Stefan

doi:10.1080/01652176.2006.9695208

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This kit was also used on a panel of 206 spleen samples and 222 brain samples collected from roe deer in Belgium and compared with IHC using R524, 2G11 and 12F10 antibodies (De Bosschere et al., ) (see Table in Appendix C). All samples gave negative results.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific opinion on chronic wasting disease (II)

Ricci¹,

Allende²,

Bolton³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on chronic wasting disease in two parts. Part one, on surveillance, animal health risk-based measures and public health risks, was published in January 2017. This opinion (part two) addresses the remaining Terms of Reference, namely, 'are the conclusions and recommendations in the EFSA opinion of June 2004 on diagnostic methods for chronic wasting disease still valid? If not, an update should be provided', and 'update the conclusions of the 2010 EFSA opinion on the results of the European Union survey on chronic wasting disease in cervids, as regards its occurrence in the cervid population in the European Union'. Data on the performance of authorised rapid tests in North America are not comprehensive, and are more limited than those available for the tests approved for statutory transmissible spongiform encephalopathies surveillance applications in cattle and sheep. There are no data directly comparing available rapid test performances in cervids. The experience in Norway shows that the Bio-Rad TeSeE TM SAP test, immunohistochemistry and western blotting have detected reindeer, moose and red deer cases. It was shown that testing both brainstem and lymphoid tissue from each animal increases the surveillance sensitivity. Shortcomings in the previous EU survey limited the reliability of inferences that could be made about the potential disease occurrence in Europe. Subsequently, testing activity in Europe was low, until the detection of the disease in Norway, triggering substantial testing efforts in that country. Available data neither support nor refute the conclusion that chronic wasting disease does not occur widely in the EU and do not preclude the possibility that the disease was present in Europe before the survey was conducted. It appears plausible that chronic wasting disease could have become established in Norway more than a decade ago. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made.Reproduction of the images listed below is prohibited and permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder: No formal validation of test performance equivalent to the existing EU requirements for tests used for statutory surveillance in cattle and sheep has been undertaken for cervid material. A qualitative evaluation of the suitability of the Bio-Rad and the IDEXX rapid tests (RT) commercially available for the diagnosis of CWD was carried out by means of literature review (both an ad hoc literature review on the diagnosis of CWD and the references retrieved by the search conducted for the 2017 Opinion (EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, 2017a)), the data provided by the manufacturers, and the knowledge and expertise of the Working Group (WG) members.A review of the available approaches to the diagnosis of CWD including the considerations underpinning the selection of ani...

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific opinion on chronic wasting disease (II)

Ricci¹,

Allende²,

Bolton³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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“…Natural transmission to humans or domestic livestock seems relatively unlikely, but the possibility still evokes much concern from the public. There is currently no evidence that TSEs (CWD, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE or scrapie) exist in cervids and other wild ruminants in European countries [ 3 , 22 , 24 ]. Nevertheless, the European Union has implemented active surveillance plans to estimate the prevalence of CWD in the deer population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability of the prion protein gene (PRNP) in wild ruminants from Italy and Scotland

et al. 2009

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The genetics of the prion protein gene (PRNP) play a crucial role in determining the relative susceptibility to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in several mammalian species. To determine the PRNP gene variability in European red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), the PRNP open reading frame from 715 samples was analysed to reveal a total of ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In red deer, SNPs were found in codons 15, 21, 59, 78, 79, 98, 136, 168 and 226. These polymorphisms give rise to 12 haplotypes, and one of which is identical to the PRNP of American wapiti (Rocky Mountain elk, Cervus elaphus nelsoni). One silent mutation at codon 119 was detected in chamois and no SNPs were found in roe deer. This analysis confirmed that European wild ruminants have a PRNP genetic background that is compatible with TSE susceptibility, including chronic wasting disease.

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“…Excluding these cases, it is remarkable that CWD has not been detected outside of North America, unlike scrapie of sheep or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) of cattle with cases reported virtually worldwide. Active screening efforts thus far have not detected CWD in wild cervids in Belgium, Germany, Japan, and other countries (De Bosschere et al , 2006; Kataoka et al , 2005; Schettler et al , 2006; Schwaiger et al , 2004). Wildlife management efforts to contain or eradicate CWD in Wisconsin or Colorado, where this disease is particularly widespread, have so far proven unsuccessful (Conner et al , 2007; Samuel, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of scrapie and sheep-passaged bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions to transgenic mice expressing elk prion protein

Tamgüney

Miller

Giles

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible, fatal prion disease of cervids and is largely confined to North America. The origin of CWD continues to pose a conundrum: does the disease arise spontaneously or result from some other naturally occurring reservoir? To address whether prions from sheep might be able to cause disease in cervids, we inoculated mice expressing the elk prion protein (PrP) transgene [Tg(ElkPrP) mice] with two scrapie prion isolates. The SSBP/1 scrapie isolate transmitted disease to Tg(ElkPrP) mice with a median incubation time of 270 days, but a second isolate failed to produce neurological dysfunction in these mice. Although prions from cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) did not transmit to the Tg(ElkPrP) mice, they did transmit after being passaged through sheep. In Tg(ElkPrP) mice, the sheep-passaged BSE prions exhibited an incubation time of approximately 300 days. SSBP/1 prions produced abundant deposits of the disease-causing PrP isoform, denoted PrPSc, in the cerebellum and pons of Tg(ElkPrP) mice, whereas PrPSc accumulation in Tg mice inoculated with sheep-passaged BSE prions was confined to the deep cerebellar nuclei, habenula and the brainstem. The susceptibility of ‘cervidized’ mice to ‘ovinized’ prions raises the question about why CWD has not been reported in other parts of the world where cervids and scrapie-infected sheep coexist.

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First chronic wasting disease (CWD) surveillance of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the Northern part of Belgium

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Scientific opinion on chronic wasting disease (II)

Scientific opinion on chronic wasting disease (II)

Genetic variability of the prion protein gene (PRNP) in wild ruminants from Italy and Scotland

Transmission of scrapie and sheep-passaged bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions to transgenic mice expressing elk prion protein

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