First confirmation of spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) from the Cretaceous

Perkovsky, Evgeny E.; Makarkin, Vladimir N.

doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.06.003

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The oldest record for Sisyridae is from the Cretaceous (Makarkin & Perkovsky, ; Perkovsky & Makarkin, ). Today the family comprises about 70 described species worldwide, placed in the four genera Sisyra , Sisyrina Banks, 1939, Sisyborina Montserrat, 1982 (Sisyrinae), and Climacia McLachlan, 1869 (Climamciinae) (Cover & Resh, ; Monserrat, ; Perkovsky & Makarkin, ). Seven extant species occur in Europa, five in Germany (Hölzel & Weißmair, ; Saure, ; Weißmair, , ), and three in Thuringia (Bellstedt & Brettfeld, ; Gruppe, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The larval morphology of the spongefly Sisyra nigra (Retzius, 1783) (Neuroptera: Sisyridae)

Jandausch

Beutel

Bellstedt

2019

Journal of Morphology

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The morphology of mature larvae of Sisyra nigra was studied and documented with a broad spectrum of techniques. Special emphasis is on the cephalic anatomy and on the digestive tract. Cephalic structures are highly modified, with numerous autapomorphic conditions, including a globular head capsule, an extended area with large cornea lenses, a massive tentorium, a strongly developed prepharyngeal pumping apparatus with a horizontal arrangement of dilators, a sharp bend between the prepharynx and pharynx, and an unusual filter apparatus at the entrance of the large crop. The thoracic and abdominal muscle sets, and the legs are largely unmodified. Postcephalic apomorphies are conspicuous tergal setiferous tubercles, trifid setiferous pleural projections, single pretarsal claws, zigzag-shaped abdominal tracheal gills, and a dense vestiture of setae on the terminal abdominal segments. Mandibulo-maxillary stylets curved outwards are an unusual apomorphy also found in the semiaquatic larvae of Osmylidae. Semiaquatic or aquatic habits and secondarily multisegmented antennae are potential synapomorphies of these two groups and Nevrorthidae (Osmyloidea). A sistergroup relationship between Sisyridae and Nevrorthidae suggests that fully aquatic habits of larvae may be a synapomorphy of both families. A specialized terminal antennal seta is a potential groundplan apomorphy of Neuroptera, with secondary loss in Nevrorthidae and Ithonidae + Myrmeleontiformia, respectively. A trumpet-shaped empodium is likely an apomorphy of Neuroptera excluding Coniopterygidae and Osmyloidea, and the secondary loss an apomorphy of Ithonidae on one hand, and Myrmeleontiformia excl. Psychopsidae on the other. K E Y W O R D S larval anatomy, phylogeny, sponges, Spongillaflies

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The larval morphology of the spongefly Sisyra nigra (Retzius, 1783) (Neuroptera: Sisyridae)

Jandausch

Beutel

Bellstedt

2019

Journal of Morphology

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“…The predation of these ants and of other aphidophages that appeared by the basal Cenozoic, such as syrphids (not known from the Cretaceous as was believed earlier; Perkovsky & Makarkin 2015; Popov 2015), proved to be such a serious problem to aphids that the only survivors were those that either became poorly accessible to ants in some way (e.g., by having found shelters in galls) or could transform ant predation into symbiosis.…”

Section: The Cretaceous–paleogene (K–pg) Extinction Event and The Devmentioning

confidence: 97%

Aphid–Buchnera–Ant symbiosis; or why are aphids rare in the tropics and very rare further south?

Perkovsky¹,

Węgierek²

2016

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Socie

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At least since the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution, the geographical distribution of aphids, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, has been strongly affected by the low thermal tolerance of their obligatory bacterial symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, which was why the aphids switched to obligate parthenogenesis in low latitudes. Hormaphidids and greenideids penetrated into the tropics only after the Oligocene strengthening of climate seasonality, and specialisations of the tropical representatives of these families did not allow them to spread further south (in the case of cerataphidines), or only allowed in few cases (in the case of greenideids).Aphids suffered from the Mesozoic–Cenozoic boundary extinction event much more strongly than other insects. The extinction was roughly coincidental with the establishment of the tight symbiosis of aphids with formicine and dolichoderine ants, which was accompanied by the flourishing of all three groups.In the Cretaceous, all of the representatives of extant and subfamilies occupied positions that were subordinate to Armaniinae and Sphecomyrminae. Prior to large ant colonies evolving their efficient ant–aphid mutualism, the aphids remained unprotected before the growing ant predation. The origin of the aphid trophobiosis with large colonies of Formicinae and Dolichoderinae has resulted in the steep decline of aphids left beyond that ant–aphid symbiotic network. By at least the basal Eocene (unlike the Late Cretaceous), ant proportions in the entomofauna increased sharply, and evident dominants emerged. Even now, aphid milkers from small colonies (hundreds of specimens) never protect their symbionts, and homopteran-tending ants are more likely to be dominant, with large colonies of 104–105 workers.The mutualistic ant–aphid system failed to cross the tropical belt during the Cenozoic because of Buchnera's low heat tolerance. As a result, the native southern temperate aphid fauna consists now of seven genera only, five of which are Late Cretaceous relicts. Some of them had relatives in Late Cretaceous amber of the Northern Hemisphere.

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“…Previously, two genera of Cretaceous Simuliini were known: Baisomyia wider nor longer than the 4th one. One genus of Sisyridae and one of Rotoitidae occur at Ugolyak and Yantardakh, but no common species was known before Baeomorpha quattoruno Gumovsky, 2018 (Perkovsky andMakarkin, 2015;Gumovsky et al, 2018).…”

Section: Taxonomic Position Of New Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

An unexpectedly abundant new genus of black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from Upper Cretaceous Taimyr amber of Ugolyak, with discussion of the early evolution of birds at high latitudes

Perkovsky

Sukhomlin

Зеленков

2018

Cretaceous Research

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Ugolyakia kaluginae gen. et sp. nov. is described from Ugolyak (Santonian Taimyr amber), based primarily on its unbranched Rs and developed katepisternal sulcus. It is attributed to the tribe Simuliini, although it lacks calcipala and spiniform seta on the costal vein characteristic of most genera of the tribe. Possession of a claw with a large subbasal tooth and absence of significant sclerotization of the sternites suggest that U. kaluginae females were blood-sucking avian parasites. Black flies make up 3% of all insect inclusions and 5% of all identifiable dipterans in Ugolyak amber. Only two Late Cretaceous black fly specimens were previously known: a poorly preserved female

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First confirmation of spongillaflies (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) from the Cretaceous

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

The larval morphology of the spongefly Sisyra nigra (Retzius, 1783) (Neuroptera: Sisyridae)

The larval morphology of the spongefly Sisyra nigra (Retzius, 1783) (Neuroptera: Sisyridae)

Aphid–Buchnera–Ant symbiosis; or why are aphids rare in the tropics and very rare further south?

An unexpectedly abundant new genus of black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from Upper Cretaceous Taimyr amber of Ugolyak, with discussion of the early evolution of birds at high latitudes

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