First-contact incidence of schizophrenia in Surinam

Selten, Jean‐Paul; Zeyl, Caroline; Dwarkasing, Rudi; Lumsden, Vincent; Kahn, René S.; Harten, Peter N. van

doi:10.1192/bjp.186.1.74

Cited by 31 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The incidence rates of schizophrenia in Jamaica, Trinidad, and Barbados were found to be more similar to the rate for the white population in the United Kingdom and were significantly lower than the comparable rate for the UK AfricanCaribbean population. Selten et al 27 further found that incidence rates in the Surinam were significantly lower than among Surinamese migrants to the Netherlands. The question of whether the raised rates can be explained as methodological artifact has been mentioned above.…”

Section: Is the Rate Of Schizophrenia Raised In The Country Of Origin?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors in Schizophrenia: The Role of Migrant Studies

Fearon

Morgan

2005

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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There is now compelling evidence that migrant groups in several countries have an elevated risk of developing schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Though the findings of earlier studies were greeted with skepticism, and ascribed by some to have methodological shortcomings and diagnostic biases, the more rigorous recent studies, from a variety of countries, have still found markedly increased incidence rates. While this phenomenon is an important health issue in its own right, understanding the reasons for the increased rates may provide valuable insights into the causes of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in general. The challenge for the next phase of studies is to identify the relevant risk factors and how they might interact to increase the risk of psychosis, both in migrant groups and in the general population.

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Section: Is the Rate Of Schizophrenia Raised In The Country Of Origin?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors in Schizophrenia: The Role of Migrant Studies

Fearon

Morgan

2005

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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“…Notably, studies of the sending countries have found normal incidence rates of schizophrenia. [25][26][27] The unusually high risks for second-generation immigrants are striking, insofar as they cannot be attributed to the selective migration of persons who are already ill or in the prodromal phase, nor can they be attributed to genetics. [28][29] Viable explanations for the migrant effect must meet the challenge posed by the increased rates found in both first-and second-generation immigrants.…”

Section: Evidence From Migrant Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Social Factors to the Development of Schizophrenia: A Review of Recent Findings

Cantor‐Graae

2007

Can J Psychiatry

169

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Objective: To investigate recent evidence suggesting that social factors are causally related to the development of schizophrenia.Method: I conducted a sytematic review of MEDLINE to identify possibly relevant studies. The search was limited to peer-reviewed studies and review articles appearing in English-language journals since 1996. Studies were included if they used standardized diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia or standardized assessment instruments for psychotic symptoms.Results: Studies of migrants to western Europe provide compelling support for the notion that social factors contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Findings such as excessively high risk for schizophrenia in second-generation immigrants are difficult to explain solely in terms of biological or genetic factors. A growing number of studies implicate childhood exposure to social adversity as a risk factor for schizophrenia, although few studies have used prospective designs. The increased incidence of schizophrenia risk associated with urban birth and (or) urban upbringing suggests possible social causation, but these findings are more ambiguous. Thus far, no studies have explored actual mechanisms by which exposure to social factors might generate psychotic symptoms, although animal experiments suggest that social defeat or social exclusion may cause dopamine dysregulation or sensitization. Conclusions:The accumulating evidence suggesting a role for social factors in the development of schizophrenia arises primarily from studies of migrants conducted in Europe. The mechanisms by which social factors exert their influence remain unknown. Future investigations of social causation should clarify the temporal relation between exposure to social defeat and (or) social adversity and the development of psychotic symptoms.(Can J Psychiatry 2007;52:277-286) Information on funding and support and author affiliations appears at the end of the article. Clinical Implications· Social factors may play an etiologic role in the development of schizophrenia. · A common denominator may be chronic experiences of social defeat and (or) exclusion, resulting in dopamine dysregulation or sensitization. · The implementation of interventions and preventive strategies may reduce the risk associated with social factors. Limitations· Thus far, few prospective studies specifically target social factors. · Animal models of social defeat may not be satisfactory analogues for the migrant experience. · The role of substance abuse in individuals exposed to social adversity cannot be excluded.

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“…By conducting research in the culture of origin of the immigrants, some authors tried to find out whether the original culture of the migrant groups could serve as an explanation for increased levels of problem behaviour in migrant youth in the host country. The assumption was that absence of an increased level of problem behaviour in the country of origin compared to scores of natives in the host culture would rule out this cultural explanation (see Mahy, Mallett, Leff, and Bhugra (1999) and Selten et al. (2005) for parallel studies on cultural explanations for schizophrenia in adult immigrants from Barbados and Surinam).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mental health in migrant children

Stevens¹,

Vollebergh²

2008

Child Psychology Psychiatry

292

240

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Many factors have been identified to explain differences in mental health problems between migrant and native children: the process of migration, the ethnic minority position of migrants, their specific cultural background and the selection of migrants. In this paper, the international literature regarding mental health of migrant children is reviewed using strict selection criteria. An extensive search was carried out to locate journal articles on the subject of mental health in migrant youth published since the 1990s. Only 20 studies met all inclusion criteria. Besides the conclusion that the studies did not unequivocally find an increased risk of mental health problems in migrant children, it proved to be very difficult to draw any sound conclusions with respect to these children's risk of mental health problems, since the impact of migration on children's mental health varied with the informants used and the characteristics of the migrant group and of the host country. The lack of univocal definitions of key terms further complicated generalised conclusions in this research field. As such, this research field is in urgent need of more research using standardised research designs, methodology and definitions. A proposition for this research design is made.

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First-contact incidence of schizophrenia in Surinam

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Environmental Factors in Schizophrenia: The Role of Migrant Studies

Environmental Factors in Schizophrenia: The Role of Migrant Studies

The Contribution of Social Factors to the Development of Schizophrenia: A Review of Recent Findings

Mental health in migrant children

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