First cosmology results using type Ia supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: the effect of host galaxy properties on supernova luminosity

Smith, M.; Sullivan, M.; Wiseman, P.; Keßler, R.; Scolnic, Dan; Brout, D.; D’Andrea, C. B.; Davis, Tamara M.; Foley, R. J.; Frohmaier, C.; Galbany, L.; Gupta, R.; Gutiérrez, C. P.; Hinton, S. R.; Kelsey, L.; Lidman, C.; Macaulay, E.; Möller, A.; Nichol, R. C.; Nugent, P.; Palmese, A.; Pursiainen, M.; Šako, M.; Swann, E.; Thomas, R. C.; Tucker, B.; Vincenzi, M.; Carollo, D.; Lewis, Geraint F.; Sommer, N. E.; Abbott, T. M. C.; Aguena, M.; Allam, S.; Ávila, S.; Bertin, E.; Bhargava, S.; Brooks, D.; Buckley-Geer, E.; Burke, D. L.; Rosell, A. Carnero; Kind, M. Carrasco; Costanzi, M.; Costa, L. N. da; Vicente, J. De; Desai, S.; Diehl, H. T.; Doel, P.; Eifler, T. F.; Everett, S.; Flaugher, B.; Fosalba, P.; Frieman, Joshua A.; García-Bellido, J.; Gaztañaga, E.; Glazebrook, Karl; Gruen, David; Gruendl, R. A.; Gschwend, J.; Gutiérrez, G.; Hartley, W. G.; Hollowood, D. L.; Honscheid, K.; James, D. J.; Krause, E.; Kuêhn, K.; Kuropatkin, N.; Lima, M.; MacCrann, N.; Maia, M. A. G.; Marshall, J. L.; Martini, Paul; Melchior, P.; Menanteau, F.; Miquel, R.; Paz-Chinchón, F.; Malagón, A. A. Plazas; Romer, A. K.; Roodman, A.; Rykoff, E. S.; Sánchez, E.; Scarpine, V.; Schubnell, M.; Serrano, S.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.; Suchyta, E.; Swanson, M. E. C.; Tarlè, G.; Thomas, Daniel; Tucker, D. L.; Varga, T. N.; Walker, A. R.

doi:10.1093/mnras/staa946

Cited by 102 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…We measure log 10 (M * /M ) = 8.13 +0.16 −0.07 and log 10 (SFR/M yr −1 ) = −1.53 +0.23 −0.47 . We find consistent results when fitting with PÉGASE.2 templates and a Kroupa IMF using the method of Smith et al (2020).…”

Section: Host Galaxysupporting

confidence: 67%

Understanding the extreme luminosity of DES14X2fna

Grayling

Gutiérrez

Sullivan

et al. 2021

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We present DES14X2fna, a high-luminosity, fast-declining type IIb supernova (SN IIb) at redshift z = 0.0453, detected by the Dark Energy Survey (DES). DES14X2fna is an unusual member of its class, with a light curve showing a broad, luminous peak reaching Mr ≃ −19.3 mag 20 days after explosion. This object does not show a linear decline tail in the light curve until ≃60 days after explosion, after which it declines very rapidly (4.30 ± 0.10 mag 100 d−1 in r-band). By fitting semi-analytic models to the photometry of DES14X2fna, we find that its light curve cannot be explained by a standard 56Ni decay model as this is unable to fit the peak and fast tail decline observed. Inclusion of either interaction with surrounding circumstellar material or a rapidly-rotating neutron star (magnetar) significantly increases the quality of the model fit. We also investigate the possibility for an object similar to DES14X2fna to act as a contaminant in photometric samples of SNe Ia for cosmology, finding that a similar simulated object is misclassified by a recurrent neural network (RNN)-based photometric classifier as a SN Ia in ∼1.1-2.4 per cent of cases in DES, depending on the probability threshold used for a positive classification.

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Section: Host Galaxysupporting

confidence: 67%

Understanding the extreme luminosity of DES14X2fna

Grayling

Gutiérrez

Sullivan

et al. 2021

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…We next adopt the PÉGASE.2 spectral synthesis code (Fioc & Rocca-Volmerange 1997;Le Borgne & Rocca-Volmerange 2002) to construct the SEDs for our galaxies. The templates SEDs are fit to the observed fluxes through a 2 minimisation; this method is extensively described in Sullivan et al (2010); Kim et al (2018); Smith et al (2020). From the template fits, we derive our sample host galaxy masses and list them in Table B1.…”

Section: Host Stellar Mass Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From core collapse to superluminous: the rates of massive stellar explosions from the Palomar Transient Factory

Frohmaier

Angus

Vincenzi

et al. 2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We present measurements of the local core collapse supernova (SN) rate using SN discoveries from the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). We use a Monte Carlo simulation of hundreds of millions of SN light curve realizations coupled with the detailed PTF survey detection efficiencies to forward-model the SN rates in PTF. Using a sample of 86 core collapse SNe, including 26 stripped-envelope SNe (SESNe), we show that the overall core collapse SN volumetric rate is $r^\mathrm{CC}_v=9.10_{-1.27}^{+1.56}\times 10^{-5}\, \text{SNe yr}^{-1}\, \text{Mpc}^{-3}\, h_{70}^{3}$ at 〈z〉 = 0.028, and the SESN volumetric rate is $r^\mathrm{SE}_v=2.41_{-0.64}^{+0.81}\times 10^{-5}\, \text{SNe yr}^{-1}\, \text{Mpc}^{-3}\, h_{70}^{3}$. We further measure a volumetric rate for hydrogen-free superluminous SNe (SLSNe-I) using 8 events at z ≤ 0.2 of $r^\mathrm{SLSN-I}_v=35_{-13}^{+25}\, \text{SNe yr}^{-1}\text{Gpc}^{-3}\, h_{70}^{3}$, which represents the most precise SLSN-I rate measurement to date. Using a simple cosmic star-formation history to adjust these volumetric rate measurements to the same redshift, we measure a local ratio of SLSN-I to SESN of $\sim 1/810^{+1500}_{-94}$, and of SLSN-I to all CCSN types of $\sim 1/3500^{+2800}_{-720}$. However, using host galaxy stellar mass as a proxy for metallicity, we also show that this ratio is strongly metallicity dependent: in low-mass (logM* < 9.5M⊙) galaxies, which are the only environments that host SLSN-I in our sample, we measure a SLSN-I to SESN fraction of $1/300^{+380}_{-170}$ and $1/1700^{+1800}_{-720}$ for all CCSN. We further investigate the SN rates a function of host galaxy stellar mass, and show that the specific rates of all core collapse SNe decrease with increasing stellar mass.

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“…The host galaxy 'mass step' -a tendency for post-standardisation SN Ia magnitudes to be brighter in more massive galaxies (Kelly et al 2010;Sullivan et al 2010;Smith et al 2020) -is well established, and routinely corrected for, but its cause remains uncertain. Another question is the proper interpretation of the SN Ia apparent colour-luminosity relation, and the value(s) of the parametrizing the extinction and reddening law of host galaxy dust affecting the light of SNe Ia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the consistency of dust laws in SN Ia host galaxies: A BayeSN Examination of Foundation DR1

Thorp

Mandel

Jones

et al. 2021

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We apply BayeSN, our new hierarchical Bayesian model for the SEDs of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), to analyse the griz light curves of 157 nearby SNe Ia (0.015 < z < 0.08) from the public Foundation DR1 dataset. We train a new version of BayeSN, continuous from 0.35–0.95 μm, which we use to model the properties of SNe Ia in the rest-frame z-band, study the properties of dust in their host galaxies, and construct a Hubble diagram of SN Ia distances determined from full griz light curves. Our griz Hubble diagram has a low total RMS of 0.13 mag using BayeSN, compared to 0.16 mag using SALT2. Additionally, we test the consistency of the dust law RV between low- and high-mass host galaxies by using our model to fit the full time- and wavelength-dependent SEDs of SNe Ia up to moderate reddening (peak apparent B − V ≲ 0.3). Splitting the population at the median host mass, we find RV = 2.84 ± 0.31 in low-mass hosts, and RV = 2.58 ± 0.23 in high-mass hosts, both consistent with the global value of RV = 2.61 ± 0.21 that we estimate for the full sample. For all choices of mass split we consider, RV is consistent across the step within ≲ 1.2σ. Modelling population distributions of dust laws in low- and high-mass hosts, we find that both subsamples are highly consistent with the full sample’s population mean μ(RV) = 2.70 ± 0.25 with a 95 per cent upper bound on the population σ(RV) < 0.61. The RV population means are consistent within ≲ 1.2σ. We find that simultaneous fitting of host-mass-dependent dust properties within our hierarchical model does not account for the conventional mass step.

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First cosmology results using type Ia supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: the effect of host galaxy properties on supernova luminosity

Cited by 102 publications

References 78 publications

Understanding the extreme luminosity of DES14X2fna

Understanding the extreme luminosity of DES14X2fna

From core collapse to superluminous: the rates of massive stellar explosions from the Palomar Transient Factory

Testing the consistency of dust laws in SN Ia host galaxies: A BayeSN Examination of Foundation DR1

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