First COVID-19 case in the Rohingya camp in Bangladesh: needs proper attention

Jubayer, Md. Fahad; Kayshar, Shahidullah; Limon, Tariqul Islam

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.033

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The data used in different parameters of this manuscript were obtained from the Civil Surgeon Office of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh [ 33 ]. Some data were obtained from the relevant articles and reports [ 3 , 26 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

asymptomatically infected 100 30 Assumed population on 13 March 2020 (aprox.)

Infectious population on 13 March 2020 1 1 [ 26 ]

Recovered population on 13 March 2020 0 0 [ 26 ]

Per day average birth 60 60 [ 34 ]

Per day transition rate from E to I

Assumed

Per day transmission rate 1.1623

1.1624 …”

Section: Figure A1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some other modeling studies were published to discuss the COVID-19 dynamics in Bangladesh [ 23 , 24 ]. Islam and Yunus 2020 [ 25 ] and Jubayer et al, 2020 [ 26 ] depicted the risk of COVID-19 outbreak in Rohingya refugees camp in Bangladesh. Truelove et al 2020 [ 27 ] analyzed the stochastic SEIR model to understand the potential epidemic of the COVID-19 disease in Rohingya refugees camps of Bangladesh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 and Rohingya Refugee Camp, Bangladesh: Uncertainty and How the Government Took Over the Situation

Kamrujjaman

Mahmud

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Biology

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Background: Bangladesh hosts more than 800,000 Rohingya refugees from Myanmar. The low health immunity, lifestyle, access to good healthcare services, and social-security cause this population to be at risk of far more direct effects of COVID-19 than the host population. Therefore, evidence-based forecasting of the COVID-19 burden is vital in this regard. In this study, we aimed to forecast the COVID-19 obligation among the Rohingya refugees of Bangladesh to keep up with the disease outbreak’s pace, health needs, and disaster preparedness. Methodology and Findings: To estimate the possible consequences of COVID-19 in the Rohingya camps of Bangladesh, we used a modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) transmission model. All of the values of different parameters used in this model were from the Bangladesh Government’s database and the relevant emerging literature. We addressed two different scenarios, i.e., the best-fitting model and the good-fitting model with unique consequences of COVID-19. Our best fitting model suggests that there will be reasonable control over the transmission of the COVID-19 disease. At the end of December 2020, there will be only 169 confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Rohingya refugee camps. The average basic reproduction number (R0) has been estimated to be 0.7563. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that, due to the extensive precautions from the Bangladesh government and other humanitarian organizations, the coronavirus disease will be under control if the maintenance continues like this. However, detailed and pragmatic preparedness should be adopted for the worst scenario.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

asymptomatically infected 100 30 Assumed population on 13 March 2020 (aprox.)

Infectious population on 13 March 2020 1 1 [ 26 ]

Recovered population on 13 March 2020 0 0 [ 26 ]

Per day average birth 60 60 [ 34 ]

Per day transition rate from E to I

Assumed

Per day transmission rate 1.1623

1.1624 …”

Section: Figure A1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 and Rohingya Refugee Camp, Bangladesh: Uncertainty and How the Government Took Over the Situation

Kamrujjaman

Mahmud

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…An ideal environment for the virus to spread exists in these densely populated camps as the 40 000 refugees per square kilometer make it impossible to maintain social distancing. 3 Patients with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or asthma have a greater comorbidity rate compared with others. 4 More than 40% of the Rohingya refugee community are between 18 to 59 years old.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rohingya Refugees and Coronavirus Disease-2019: Addressing Possible Jeopardy From the Perspective of Bangladesh

Limon¹,

Jubayer

Ahmed³

et al. 2020

Asia Pac J Public Health

Self Cite

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More than 60% of those affected are aged between 21 and 50 years, but disproportionately 40% of deaths are in the over 60 years age group. 2 The World Health Organization has confirmed the local transmission of the virus in Bangladesh. Approximately 1 million Rohingya refugees fled from Myanmar and have been crammed into 34 refugee camps in the Cox's Bazar area since 2017. Food and water are not sufficient, and sanitation and health facilities are poor. An ideal environment for the virus to spread exists in these densely populated camps as the 40 000 refugees per square kilometer make it impossible to maintain social distancing. 3 Patients with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or asthma have a greater comorbidity rate compared with others. 4 More than 40% of the Rohingya refugee community are between 18 to 59 years old. 5 A high proportion of Rohingya people are suffering from noncommunicable diseases. Fear and misinformation about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may make the situation worse in the camps due to the current telecommunication blockage, minimal Internet access inside the camp area, and illiteracy of the Rohingya people. The most worrying public health issues are food safety and shortages, and overall security. More than half of the Rohingya population face water supply shortages, and >30% of households do not have even access to soap. The shortage of food may reduce immunity against the virus, especially for women and children. In the Cox's Bazar district, the only test facility is currently provided by the Cox's Bazar Medical College, and it is unrealistic that Rohingya people will have easy access to testing and treatment facilities. Collaboration in overcoming these shortages is needed between the leadership of the local authority, the office of the Refugee Relief & Repatriation Commissioner, the Water Sanitation and Hygiene programs of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and local health sectors. Infection prevention and control training and provision of personal protection equipment are required for health care workers. Food and portable water distribution systems need to be greatly improved, and the camps should be reconfigured to avoid crowding. Health workers need to identify pregnant, elderly, and comorbid patients so their special needs can be met. Isolation of cases and tracing of contacts would be the best response, although very difficult given the physical circumstances of the camps. It is important to undertake these public efforts as continuing COVID-19 infections among the Rohingya population may make it difficult to control the virus throughout Bangladesh. Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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“…The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has been made worse by their susceptibility to NCDs. 5 With the limited resources available, priority has been given to diseases associated with water, sanitation, and hygiene, including diarrhea, hepatitis, cholera, and typhoid. Perhaps, for this reason, reliable data on morbidity regarding the NCDs of Rohingya refugees are not currently available.…”

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confidence: 99%