First Demonstration of Dynamic High-Gain Beam Steering With a Scanning Lens Phased Array

Abstract

We report on the first demonstration of dynamic beam steering using a scanning lens phased array. A scanning lens phased array relies on a combination of mechanical and electrical phase shifting to dynamically steer a high-gain beam beyond the grating-lobe free region using a sparse array. These two concepts have been demonstrated separately in the past, here we present, for the first time, a prototype demonstration where active mechanical and electrical phase shifting are combined. For this purpose, we have developed a sparse 4x1 scanning lens phased array at W-band (75-110 GHz) capable of beam steering a directive beam (>30 dBi) towards ± 20°with low grating lobe levels (around -10 dB). The lens array is fed by a waveguide-based leaky-wave feeding architecture that illuminates the lenses with high aperture efficiency over a wide bandwidth, which is required in the proposed scanning lens phased array architecture. The electrical phase shifting has been implemented using IQ-mixers around 15 GHz in combination with x6 multipliers to reach the W-band. The mechanical phase shifting relies on a piezo-electric motor, which is able to achieve displacements of the lens array of 6 mm with an accuracy of a few nanometers. The entire active array is calibrated over the air with an ad-hoc quasi-optical measurement setup. Resulting measurements show excellent agreement with the anticipated performance.INDEX TERMS Beam steering, lens antennas, millimeter waves, phase shifting, phased arrays.This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination.