First description of autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis in the metropolitan region of Vitória, State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Tonini, Marco André Loureiro; Lemos, Elenice Moreira; Reis, Alexandre Barbosa; Vital, Wendel Coura; Dias, Edelberto Santos; Dietze, Reynaldo

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822012000600019

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The study was conducted in Teresina, Piauí State, Northeast Brazil, the city in which VL began its urbanization in the country over 30 years ago, as well as in Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Southeast coast, where VL had not been reported until the completion of this study; although recently, disease transmission has been identified in Vitória and the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis exists in its outskirts 21,22 . Teresina and Vitória are State capitals and have over 800,000 and 300,000 inhabitants, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The performance of serological tests for Leishmania infantum infection screening in dogs depends on the prevalence of the disease

Mendonça

Batista

Schallig

et al. 2017

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Dogs are considered the main reservoir of Leishmania infantum. This protozoan causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL), an uncontrolled urban zoonosis in Brazil. Serological tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on peripheral blood were performed to identify infected dogs in scenarios of higher and lower prevalence of the disease (Teresina and Vitória). One-hundred infected and 57 non-infected animals from Teresina and 100 non-infected animals from Vitória were studied. Animal selection was not dependent on previous serology. The sensitivity (Teresina) and specificity (Teresina and Vitória) were as follows: indirect antibody fluorescence (IFAT) cut-off of 1:40 (IFAT 1:40): 96%, 18%, and 76%; IFAT 1:80: 90%, 33%, and 93%; direct agglutination test (DAT): 96%, 33%, and 98%; fast agglutination screening test (FAST): 93%, 68%, and 100%; immunochromatographic assay with a recombinant rK39 antigen (rK39): 88%, 74%, and 98%; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): 91%, 79%, and 98%; rapid dual-path platform test (TR DPP®): 98%, 60%, and 98%; and blood PCR: 29%, 93%, and 97%, respectively. In the high transmission area, none of the tests adequately discriminated L. infantum-infected from non-infected dogs. However, in the high transmission city, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of FAST, DAT, ICrK39, ELISA and TR DPP® was high.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The performance of serological tests for Leishmania infantum infection screening in dogs depends on the prevalence of the disease

Mendonça

Batista

Schallig

et al. 2017

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…Currently, 21 of the 27 states of Brazil, which are situated in all five Regions of the country, register the autochthonous transmission of VL ( Tonini et al 2012 ). According to information provided by the Informatics Department of the Unified Health Service (dtr2004.saude.gov.br/sinanweb/tabnet/dh?sinannet/leishvi/bases/ leishvbrnet.def .…”

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confidence: 99%

Phlebotomine fauna, natural infection rate and feeding habits of Lutzomyia cruzi in Jaciara, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Brito¹,

Almeida

Duarte

et al. 2014

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is transmitted by the phlebotomine Lutzomyia longipalpis and in some midwestern regions by Lutzomyia cruzi. Studies of the phlebotomine fauna, feeding habits and natural infection rate by Leishmania contribute to increased understanding of the epidemiological chain of leishmaniases and their vectorial capacity. Collections were performed in Jaciara, state of Mato Grosso from 2010-2013, during which time 2,011 phlebotomines (23 species) were captured (68.70% Lu. cruzi and 20.52% Lutzomyia whitmani). Lu. cruzi females were identified by observing the shapes of the cibarium (a portion of the mouthpart) and spermatheca, from which samples were obtained for polymerase chain reaction to determine the rates of natural infection. Engorged phlebotomines were assessed to identify the blood-meal host by ELISA. A moderate correlation was discovered between the number of Lu. cruzi and the temperature and the minimum rate of infection was 6.10%. Twenty-two females were reactive to the antisera of bird (28%), dog (3.30%) and skunk (1.60%). We conclude that Lu. cruzi and Lu. whitmani have adapted to the urban environment in this region and that Lu. cruzi is the most likely vector of VL in Jaciara. Moreover, maintenance of Leishmania in the environment is likely aided by the presence of birds and domestic and synanthropic animals.

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“…According to PAHO, 97% of all human VL cases that occurred on the continent in 2019 were reported in Brazil [7] and the disease continues to spread [62,63]. Cases of canine infection have been reported in several state capitals, or their metropolitan regions, such as Belo Horizonte [64,65], Boa Vista [66], Campo Grande [67], Cuiabá [68,69], Florianópolis [70], Fortaleza [71], Macapá [72], Maceió [73], Natal [74], Niterói [75], Porto Alegre [76], Rio de Janeiro [77,78], Salvador [79], and Vitória [80]. The same was observed in inland cities, such as Araçatuba [81] and Piacatu [82] in the state of São Paulo; Divinópolis [83] and Governador Valadares [84,85] in Minas Gerais; Campina Grande [86] in Paraíba; Rondonópolis [87] in Mato Grosso; and Santarém [88] in the state of Pará.…”

Section: The Americasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Distribution of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis and the Role of the Dog in the Epidemiology of the Disease

Vilas-Boas,

Nakasone,

Gonçalves

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Visceral leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoa of the species Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (syn=Leishmania chagasi) and Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani, which are transmitted by hematophagous in-sects of the genera Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus. The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is considered the main ur-ban reservoir of the parasite due to the high parasite load on its skin, serving as a source of infection for sand-fly vectors and, consequently, perpetuating the disease in the urban environment. Some factors are consid-ered important in the perpetuation and spread of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in urban areas, such as stray dogs with their errant behavior and houses that have backyards with trees, shade, and organic materi-als, creating an attractive environment for sandfly vectors. CVL is found in approximately 50 countries with the number of infected dogs reaching millions and, due to the difficulty of controlling and diagnosing the disease, the number of infected animals could be even greater. In the four continents endemic for CVL there are reports of disease expansion in endemic countries such as Brazil, Italy, Morocco, and Tunisia, as well as in areas where CVL is not endemic, for example, Uruguay. Socio-environmental factors, such as migration, drought, deforestation, and global warming, have been pointed out as one of the reasons for expansion to ar-eas where it had been absent. Thus, the objective of this review is to address (i) the distribution of CVL in endemic areas (ii) the role of the dog in the visceral leishmaniasis epidemiology and the factors that influence dog infection and spread of the disease, and (iii) the challenges faced in the control of CVL.

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First description of autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis in the metropolitan region of Vitória, State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

The performance of serological tests for Leishmania infantum infection screening in dogs depends on the prevalence of the disease

The performance of serological tests for Leishmania infantum infection screening in dogs depends on the prevalence of the disease

Phlebotomine fauna, natural infection rate and feeding habits of Lutzomyia cruzi in Jaciara, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Global Distribution of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis and the Role of the Dog in the Epidemiology of the Disease

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