First description of embryonic and larval development, juvenile growth of the black sea-cucumber Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), a new species for aquaculture in the north-eastern Atlantic

Laguerre, Hélène; Raymond, Grégory; Plan, Patrick; Améziane, Nadia; Bailly, Xavier; Chevalier, Patrick Le

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.734961

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In fact, the induction of spawning by thermal stimulus supports the suggestion that temperature may be a factor that cues gamete release. This is a widely used spawning method in the cultivation of holothurians (Rakaj et al, 2018;Hartai & Pringgenies, 1998;Agudo, 2006) and has also been successful for this species (Laguerre et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive cycle of the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali (Holothuriida: Holothuriidae) in the Ría de Vigo (NW of Spain)

Ballesteros

Tubío

Rodríguez

et al. 2021

RBT

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Introduction: The exploitation of the sea cucumber (Holothuria (Panningothuria) forskali) in Ría de Vigo (NW Spain) is recent (2015) and it has been done until now with scarce or no information about some key biological aspects as reproduction, recruitment or growth. Objective: To describe the reproductive cycle of H. forskali in Ría de Vigo. Methods: We sampled fortnightly throughout 2018. We calculated gonadal condition indices (GCI) and gametogenic stages by classic histological methods. Results: The reproductive cycle of H. forskali in the Ría de Vigo is characterized by a sexual resting stage during spring, when temperature and daylight hours are lower; the beginning of gametogenesis during summer, when temperature is higher, daylight hours longer and the sea bottom is rich in nutrients; then, a period of spawns interspersed with a gonadal restoration during autumn and winter, when temperature is lower and food is scarce. Sex ratio is 1:1, however, the studied population is not synchronized, because females initiate maturation earlier. The comparison of the histological results with GCI indices suggest that GCI is a good indicator for gonadal stage. Fishery management strategies, such as a closure period, must be adapted to the reproductive stage. We recommend avoiding fishing between November and February to increase spawning potential ratio and, consequently, recruitment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive cycle of the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali (Holothuriida: Holothuriidae) in the Ría de Vigo (NW of Spain)

Ballesteros

Tubío

Rodríguez

et al. 2021

RBT

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“…With the ever‐rising demand for sea cucumber‐based goods, aquaculture systems have to be continuously improved in order to keep commercial expectations from negatively impacting natural stocks. Despite being a species with commercial value, H. forskali has shown itself to be a difficult species to maintain in captivity, with only recent studies finally breaking through and achieving induced spawning in captivity from wild collected broodstock (Laguerre et al., 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering how this species in particular reaches their highest reproduction peak between late January and early February (Santos et al., 2015; Tuwo & Conand, 1992), results point towards a natural spawning occurrence (Marquet et al., 2018). In the wild, as reported by congeneric species, spawning is usually preceded by a sharp increase in water temperature following the winter minima (Kazanidis et al., 2014), which is why the standard procedure to induce spawning in captivity is through thermal manipulation (Laguerre et al., 2020; Rakaj et al., 2017). As such, wild individuals that spawned between January and February had time to reallocate nutritional intake towards somatic growth once their gonads had been emptied (Conand, 1991; Costelloe, 1985), with previous studies showcasing an inverse relationship between somatic growth and GI after H. forskali individuals have hit their reproductive peak (Santos et al., 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although not appearing significant at first glance, a difference in mean diameter of around 6–7 μm equates to a difference in mean volume of around 7.155 x 10 5 μm 3 , which serves as a good illustrator for the difference in reserves between oocyte groups. In a species whose offspring begin feeding at 4–6 days after conception (Laguerre et al., 2020), vitelogenic reserves are crucial in increasing their chances of survival. However, it is to be noted that Holothuria forskali individuals also present growing oocytes (stage II) with a wide scope in size, ranging from 20 to 200 μm, which ends up overlapping with oocytes in different stages of development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of stocking density on physiological traits in Holothuria forskali broodstock

Sousa

Félix

Brito

et al. 2020

Aquaculture Research

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The high demand of sea cucumbers in international markets, mostly based in Asia, has left a deep impact on the natural stock of many species, leading to an investment in aquaculture techniques in order to mitigate these impacts. This study aimed to determine the effects of stock density in rearing broodstock of Holothuria (Panningoturia) forskali Delle Chiaje, 1823, a common species in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic with commercial value. To do so, two different density treatments were selected: 1 kg/m2 and 2 kg/m2. The trial took place over five months and individuals were fed a mixture of frozen microalgae (Tetraselmis sp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum). At the end of the trial, the effects of stock density on the individuals’ condition were assessed by analysing different variables, namely their fresh and gutted weight, evisceration and mortality rates, gonadosomatic index and oocyte size and even biochemical content, such as protein and lipid content in muscle bands. No significant differences were found between density treatments regarding any of the parameters assessed, aside from mean oocyte diameter. Individuals from the lower‐density treatment presented a smaller mean oocyte diameter, supplied with fewer oocytes, than individuals in both the higher‐density treatment and the baseline group. Regardless of this one difference, all trial individuals were able to maintain their elevated gonadal developmental stage for a full period of five months past their reproductive peak, with female holothurians subjected to the higher‐density treatment showing signs of increasing vitellogenic reserves, a considerable advantage in aquaculture broodstock rearing.

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“…Studies on farming of I. badionotus are ongoing [ 9 , 10 ]. However, as with many sea cucumber species [ 8 , 20 , 31 , 32 ], rearing I. badionotus in culture has proved problematic with development and growth being variable and slow. Here we now show that the active transcriptome of farmed I. badionotus was much altered compared to its wild counterpart.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptomes of the Body Wall of Wild and Farmed Sea Cucumber Isostichopus badionotus

Martín‐Hernández

Rodríguez-Canul²,

Kantún-Moreno³

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Overfishing of sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus from Yucatan has led to a major population decline. They are being captured as an alternative to traditional species despite a paucity of information about their health-promoting properties. The transcriptome of the body wall of wild and farmed I. badionotus has now been studied for the first time by an RNA-Seq approach. The functional profile of wild I. badionotus was comparable with data in the literature for other regularly captured species. In contrast, the metabolism of first generation farmed I. badionotus was impaired. This had multiple possible causes including a sub-optimal growth environment and impaired nutrient utilization. Several key metabolic pathways that are important in effective handling and accretion of nutrients and energy, or clearance of harmful cellular metabolites, were disrupted or dysregulated. For instance, collagen mRNAs were greatly reduced and deposition of collagen proteins impaired. Wild I. badionotus is, therefore, a suitable alternative to other widely used species but, at present, the potential of farmed I. badionotus is unclear. The environmental or nutritional factors responsible for their impaired function in culture remain unknown, but the present data gives useful pointers to the underlying problems associated with their aquaculture.

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First description of embryonic and larval development, juvenile growth of the black sea-cucumber Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), a new species for aquaculture in the north-eastern Atlantic

Cited by 32 publications

References 71 publications

Reproductive cycle of the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali (Holothuriida: Holothuriidae) in the Ría de Vigo (NW of Spain)

Reproductive cycle of the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali (Holothuriida: Holothuriidae) in the Ría de Vigo (NW of Spain)

The effects of stocking density on physiological traits in Holothuria forskali broodstock

Comparative Transcriptomes of the Body Wall of Wild and Farmed Sea Cucumber Isostichopus badionotus

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